Answer 4.32
Contingency Table
A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.
Binomial Distribution
Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.
Answer 4.32
Introduction:
The following are given in relation to the previous situation before conducting the education program:
Hypertensives who do not know they have high blood pressure = 50%.
Hypertensives who are inadequately treated, among those who know they have high blood pressure = 50%.
Hypertensives who fail to follow treatment, among those who are appropriately treated = 50%.
The following are given in relation to the situation after conducting a massive education program:
Hypertensives who do not know they have high blood pressure = 40%.
Hypertensives who are inadequately treated, among those who know they have high blood pressure = 40%.
Hypertensives who fail to follow treatment, among those who are appropriately treated = 40%.
4.32.
Previous situation:
Hypertensives who do not know they have high blood pressure = 50%.
Therefore, hypertensives who know they have high blood pressure = 50% (= 100% – 50%).
Hypertensives who are inadequately treated, among those who know they have high blood pressure = 50%.
Thus, overall percentage of hypertensives who are inadequately treated = 25% (= 50% of those 50% who know).
Therefore, overall percentage of hypertensives who are appropriately treated = 25% (= 50% representing those who know – 25% representing those who know but are inadequately treated).
Hypertensives who fail to follow treatment, among those who are appropriately treated = 50%.
Thus, overall percentage of hypertensives who fail to follow treatment = 12.5% (= 50% of those 25% who are appropriately treated).
This implies that the total percentage of people who do not follow proper treatment, that is, do not know of their condition, or are inadequately treated, or do not follow treatment even if properly treated, is 87.5% (= 50 % + 25% + 12.5%).
Therefore, overall percentage of hypertensives who effectively receive and follow proper treatment = 12.5% (= 100% – 87.5%).
As overall mortality due to high blood pressure can be reduced by 20% among people receiving appropriate treatment, thus, overall percentage of reduction of deaths among hypertensives who effectively receive and follow proper treatment = 2.5% (= 20% of those 12.5% representing those who effectively receive and follow proper treatment).
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