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- The viscosity of a multigrade motor oil (such as one rated10W-40) is less temperature dependent than the viscosities ofmost substances. These oils contain polymers (long moleculescomposed of repeating units) that coil up at low temperatures butunwind at higher temperatures. Explain how the addition ofthese polymers to the motor oil might make the viscosity lesstemperature dependent than a normal liquid.(a) Would you expect the viscosity of n-pentane,CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, to be larger or smaller than the viscosityof n-hexane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3? (b) Wouldyou expect the viscosity of neopentane, 1CH324C, to besmaller or larger than the viscosity of n-pentane? (See Figure11.6 to see the shapes of these molecules.)(a) What is the relationship between surface tension andtemperature? (b) What is the relationship between viscosityand temperature? (c) Why do substances with high surfacetension also tend to have high viscosities?
- Describe the process occurring at the molecular level thataccounts for the property of viscosity.www-awu.aleks.com/alekscgi/x/sl.exe/to_u-IgNsikr7/8P3/H-vfqeviKFP6wócqJcWJdIACROQwyw246WHIHY CHARGQW32MTQ28N138/3449TROFIT E OSTATES OF MATTER Drawing a heating curve 11 Substance X is known to exist at 1 atm in the solid, liquid, or vapor phase, depending on the temperature. Additionally, the values of these other properties of X have been determined: tab caps lock melting point enthalpy of fusion density esc Explanation ! 100- 1 Q A You may also assume X behaves as an ideal gas in the vapor phase. Suppose a small sample of X at 0 °C is put into an evacuated flask and heated at a constant rate until 6.0 kJ/mol of heat has been added to the sample. Graph the temperature of the sample that would be observed during this experiment. Z alt control option 20. °C 9.00 kJ/mol 3.00 g/cm³ (solid) 2.60 g/mL (liquid) Check 2 → W S # 3 X command с E D $ 4 boiling point enthalpy of vaporization C heat capacity R F % 5 V 1 33. J-K¹ mol (solid) T 64. J-K mol (liquid) 1 45. J-K¹ mol (vapor) 70, °C…1
- The vapor pressures of solid Cl2 are 352 Pa at -112°C and 35 Pa at -126.5'C. The vapor pressure of liquid Cl2 are 1590 Pa at-100°C and 7830 Pa at -80°C. Calculate (i) A sub H, (ii) Avap H, (iii) A fus H, and (iv) the triple point temperature (T3). Select one or more: A. (i) 87.5 kJ/mol, (ii) 78.9 kJ/mol, (iii) 9.0 kJ/mol, (iv) -36.7°C B. (i) 21.3 kJ/mol, (ii) 13.9 kJ/mol, (iii) 45.4 kJ/mol, (iv) 45°C C. (i) 31.4 kJ/mol, (ii) 13.9 kJ/mol, (iii) 17.5 kJ/mol, (iv) -88°C * D. (i) 31.4 kJ/mol, (ii) 23.9 kJ/mol, (iii) 7.5 kJ/mol, (i) -88°C Your answer is incorrect.The critical temperatures and pressures of a series of halogenatedmethanes are as follows: (a) List the intermolecular forces that occur for eachcompound. (b) Predict the order of increasing intermolecularattraction, from least to most, for this series ofcompounds. (c) Predict the critical temperature and pressurefor CCl4 based on the trends in this table. Look upthe experimentally determined critical temperatures andpressures for CCl4, using a source such as the CRC Handbookof Chemistry and Physics, and suggest a reason for anydiscrepancies.The critical temperatures and pressures of a series of halogenatedmethanes are as follows:(a) List the intermolecular forces that occur for eachcompound. (b) Predict the order of increasing intermolecularattraction, from least to most, for this series ofcompounds. (c) Predict the critical temperature and pressurefor CCl4 based on the trends in this table. Look upthe experimentally determined critical temperatures andpressures for CCl4, using a source such as the CRC Handbookof Chemistry and Physics, and suggest a reason for anydiscrepancies.
- (a) Would you expect the viscosity of n-pentane,CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, to be larger or smaller than the viscosityof n-hexane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3? (b) Wouldyou expect the viscosity of neopentane, (CH3)4C, to besmaller or larger than the viscosity of n-pentane? (See Figure11.6 to see the shapes of these molecules.)1.At -185°C and 1 atm ethane (MW = 30.07 g/mol) exists as a solid with a FCC structure. Using the data provided below: E/k=194.1K, bo=0.1794 m3/kmol Determine the diameter of one molecule of ethane (in angstroms). 2. What is the void fraction? 3. Find the density of the solid etahne. 4. Calculate the distance of separation (in m) between two ethane molecules when the potential energy is at a minimum. 5. At the separation distance calculated in part (4), determine the minimum value of the potential energy between two molecules (in J).The sublimation pressures of solid Cl2 are 352 Pa at -112oC and 35 Pa at -126.5oC. The vapor pressures of liquid Cl2 are 1590 at -100oC and 7830 at -80oC. Calculate (a) △subH, (b) △vapH, (c) △fusH, and (d) the triple point. Answer: [31.4 kJ mol-1 ; 22.1 kJ mol-1 ; 9.1 kJ mol-1 ; -102oC]
