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State why the C-CH3 bond length of 1.50 Å of propene is smaller than the C-CH3 bond length of 1.54 Å in propane.

State why the C-CH3 bond length of 1.50 Å of propene is smaller than the C-CH3 bond length of 1.54 Å in propane.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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State why the C-CH3 bond length of 1.50 Å of propene is smaller than the C-CH3 bond length of 1.54 Å in propane.

### Structural Details of Propene and Propane #### Propene - **Molecular Structure:** - Double-bonded carbon atoms in the center. - One carbon (C) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H) on the left side, forming a trigonal planar shape. - Another carbon (C) is bonded to a methyl group (CH₃) and a hydrogen atom. - **Bond Lengths and Angles:** - C=C double bond: 1.33 Å (angstroms) - C-H bond lengths: 1.091 Å and 1.081 Å - C-CH₃ bond: 1.50 Å - Bond angles involving hydrogens on the left: 117.4°, 121.1° - C-C-C bond angle: 124.5° - C-C-H bond angle on the right: 121.1° - C-H bond length on the right: 1.084 Å #### Propane - **Molecular Structure:** - Consists of a central carbon (C) bonded to two methyl groups (CH₃) and a methylene group (CH₂). - **Bond Lengths and Angles:** - C-C single bond: 1.54 Å - C-C-C bond angle: 111.5° This diagram highlights the structural differences between propene and propane, focusing on bond lengths and angles, illustrating how double bonds and single bonds affect molecular geometry.
Transcribed Image Text:### Structural Details of Propene and Propane #### Propene - **Molecular Structure:** - Double-bonded carbon atoms in the center. - One carbon (C) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H) on the left side, forming a trigonal planar shape. - Another carbon (C) is bonded to a methyl group (CH₃) and a hydrogen atom. - **Bond Lengths and Angles:** - C=C double bond: 1.33 Å (angstroms) - C-H bond lengths: 1.091 Å and 1.081 Å - C-CH₃ bond: 1.50 Å - Bond angles involving hydrogens on the left: 117.4°, 121.1° - C-C-C bond angle: 124.5° - C-C-H bond angle on the right: 121.1° - C-H bond length on the right: 1.084 Å #### Propane - **Molecular Structure:** - Consists of a central carbon (C) bonded to two methyl groups (CH₃) and a methylene group (CH₂). - **Bond Lengths and Angles:** - C-C single bond: 1.54 Å - C-C-C bond angle: 111.5° This diagram highlights the structural differences between propene and propane, focusing on bond lengths and angles, illustrating how double bonds and single bonds affect molecular geometry.
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