State TWO (2) impacts of the altered phosphorus cycle in Laurentian Great Lakes. need asap .

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State TWO (2) impacts of the altered phosphorus cycle in Laurentian Great Lakes.

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Benthic invaders control the phosphorus cycle in the world's largest freshwater
ecosystem
The productivity of aquatic ecosystems depends on the supply of limiting nutrients. The
invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the world's largest freshwater ecosystem, by
dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels has dramatically altered the ecology of these
lakes. A key open question is how dreissenids affect the cycling of phosphorus (P), the
nutrient that limits productivity in the Great Lakes. We show that a single species, the
quagga mussel, is now the primary regulator of P cycling in the lower four Great Lakes. By
virtue of their enormous biomass, quagga mussels sequester large quantities of P in their
tissues and dramatically intensify benthic P exchanges. Mass balance analysis reveals a
previously unrecognized sensitivity of the Great Lakes ecosystem, where P availability is
now regulated by the dynamics of mussel populations while the role of the external
inputs of phosphorus is suppressed. Our results show that a single invasive species can
have dramatic consequences for geochemical cycles even in the world's largest aquatic
ecosystems. The ongoing spread of dreissenids across a multitude of lakes in North
America and Europe is likely to affect carbon and nutrient cycling in these systems for
many decades, with important implications for water quality management.
Transcribed Image Text:Benthic invaders control the phosphorus cycle in the world's largest freshwater ecosystem The productivity of aquatic ecosystems depends on the supply of limiting nutrients. The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the world's largest freshwater ecosystem, by dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels has dramatically altered the ecology of these lakes. A key open question is how dreissenids affect the cycling of phosphorus (P), the nutrient that limits productivity in the Great Lakes. We show that a single species, the quagga mussel, is now the primary regulator of P cycling in the lower four Great Lakes. By virtue of their enormous biomass, quagga mussels sequester large quantities of P in their tissues and dramatically intensify benthic P exchanges. Mass balance analysis reveals a previously unrecognized sensitivity of the Great Lakes ecosystem, where P availability is now regulated by the dynamics of mussel populations while the role of the external inputs of phosphorus is suppressed. Our results show that a single invasive species can have dramatic consequences for geochemical cycles even in the world's largest aquatic ecosystems. The ongoing spread of dreissenids across a multitude of lakes in North America and Europe is likely to affect carbon and nutrient cycling in these systems for many decades, with important implications for water quality management.
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