State p (bar) h(kJ/kg) 1 12 271 1 2 261.8 0.9995 7 86.78 12 87.3 Determine the solar collector surface area, in m2 per kW of power developed by the plant.
State p (bar) h(kJ/kg) 1 12 271 1 2 261.8 0.9995 7 86.78 12 87.3 Determine the solar collector surface area, in m2 per kW of power developed by the plant.
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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![### Thermodynamic State Analysis
In this section, we provide data for a thermodynamic system at four different states. The parameters such as pressure (p), specific enthalpy (h), and quality (x) of the fluid at each state are given as follows:
| State | p (bar) | h (kJ/kg) | x |
|-------|---------|-----------|--------|
| 1 | 12 | 271 | 1 |
| 2 | 7 | 261.8 | 0.9995 |
| 3 | 7 | 86.78 | 0 |
| 4 | 12 | 87.3 | -- |
#### Explanation of Parameters
- **State**: Indicates the specific state number.
- **p (bar)**: Pressure at the given state in bars.
- **h (kJ/kg)**: Specific enthalpy at the given state in kilojoules per kilogram.
- **x**: Quality or dryness fraction of the fluid, defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture.
#### Graph/Diagram Explanation
(This particular image does not have any accompanying graphs or diagrams. If there were any, a detailed explanation including axes, trends, and key points would be provided.)
### Problem Statement
Determine the solar collector surface area, in square meters per kilowatt (m²/kW) of power developed by the plant.
The formula to be used:
\[ \frac{A}{\dot{W}_{\text{net}}} = \]
Where:
- \( A \): Solar collector surface area.
- \( \dot{W}_{\text{net}} \): Net power developed by the plant in kilowatts.
Please enter the calculated result in the provided input box:
\[ \boxed{\text{ }} \; \text{m}^2/\text{kW} \]
This problem assesses the understanding of energy balances and conversion efficiencies in solar power generation systems. The solution involves integrating knowledge of thermodynamics and solar energy technology.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F988321fe-2fa3-453d-a72b-be5ece348fb5%2Fce2ec980-e65a-484d-9d1a-bb72ecb4d8e2%2Ftud5aeh_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Thermodynamic State Analysis
In this section, we provide data for a thermodynamic system at four different states. The parameters such as pressure (p), specific enthalpy (h), and quality (x) of the fluid at each state are given as follows:
| State | p (bar) | h (kJ/kg) | x |
|-------|---------|-----------|--------|
| 1 | 12 | 271 | 1 |
| 2 | 7 | 261.8 | 0.9995 |
| 3 | 7 | 86.78 | 0 |
| 4 | 12 | 87.3 | -- |
#### Explanation of Parameters
- **State**: Indicates the specific state number.
- **p (bar)**: Pressure at the given state in bars.
- **h (kJ/kg)**: Specific enthalpy at the given state in kilojoules per kilogram.
- **x**: Quality or dryness fraction of the fluid, defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture.
#### Graph/Diagram Explanation
(This particular image does not have any accompanying graphs or diagrams. If there were any, a detailed explanation including axes, trends, and key points would be provided.)
### Problem Statement
Determine the solar collector surface area, in square meters per kilowatt (m²/kW) of power developed by the plant.
The formula to be used:
\[ \frac{A}{\dot{W}_{\text{net}}} = \]
Where:
- \( A \): Solar collector surface area.
- \( \dot{W}_{\text{net}} \): Net power developed by the plant in kilowatts.
Please enter the calculated result in the provided input box:
\[ \boxed{\text{ }} \; \text{m}^2/\text{kW} \]
This problem assesses the understanding of energy balances and conversion efficiencies in solar power generation systems. The solution involves integrating knowledge of thermodynamics and solar energy technology.
![### Rankine Cycle Solar Power Plant with Refrigerant 134a
The figure below provides steady-state operating data for a solar power plant that operates on a Rankine cycle with Refrigerant 134a as its working fluid. The turbine and pump operate adiabatically. The rate of energy input to the collectors from solar radiation is \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\) of collector surface area, with 60% of the solar input to the collectors absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors.
#### Diagram Explanation
The diagram illustrates a Rankine cycle in a solar power plant:
1. **Solar Collectors**: The solar radiation is captured here. The collected heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{in}} \) is absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors.
2. **Turbine**: The heated refrigerant from the solar collectors enters the turbine at state 1. The turbine performs work \( W_{t} \) as the refrigerant moves to state 2.
3. **Condenser**: At state 2, the refrigerant moves to the condenser where heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{out}} \) is rejected, and the refrigerant condenses.
4. **Pump**: The condensed refrigerant at state 3 is then pumped to a higher pressure at state 4. The pump operates adiabatically and requires work \( W_{p} \).
5. **Cycle Continuity**: The refrigerant at state 4 returns to the solar collectors, maintaining the cycle.
##### Key Parameters:
- \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\)
- 60% of the solar input is absorbed by the refrigerant
This cycle showcases how solar energy can be harnessed efficiently using the Rankine cycle with refrigerants like R134a, ensuring sustainable energy conversion.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F988321fe-2fa3-453d-a72b-be5ece348fb5%2Fce2ec980-e65a-484d-9d1a-bb72ecb4d8e2%2Fj0ocpk_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Rankine Cycle Solar Power Plant with Refrigerant 134a
The figure below provides steady-state operating data for a solar power plant that operates on a Rankine cycle with Refrigerant 134a as its working fluid. The turbine and pump operate adiabatically. The rate of energy input to the collectors from solar radiation is \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\) of collector surface area, with 60% of the solar input to the collectors absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors.
#### Diagram Explanation
The diagram illustrates a Rankine cycle in a solar power plant:
1. **Solar Collectors**: The solar radiation is captured here. The collected heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{in}} \) is absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors.
2. **Turbine**: The heated refrigerant from the solar collectors enters the turbine at state 1. The turbine performs work \( W_{t} \) as the refrigerant moves to state 2.
3. **Condenser**: At state 2, the refrigerant moves to the condenser where heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{out}} \) is rejected, and the refrigerant condenses.
4. **Pump**: The condensed refrigerant at state 3 is then pumped to a higher pressure at state 4. The pump operates adiabatically and requires work \( W_{p} \).
5. **Cycle Continuity**: The refrigerant at state 4 returns to the solar collectors, maintaining the cycle.
##### Key Parameters:
- \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\)
- 60% of the solar input is absorbed by the refrigerant
This cycle showcases how solar energy can be harnessed efficiently using the Rankine cycle with refrigerants like R134a, ensuring sustainable energy conversion.
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