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State p (bar) h(kJ/kg) 1 12 271 1 2 261.8 0.9995 7 86.78 12 87.3 Determine the solar collector surface area, in m2 per kW of power developed by the plant.

State p (bar) h(kJ/kg) 1 12 271 1 2 261.8 0.9995 7 86.78 12 87.3 Determine the solar collector surface area, in m2 per kW of power developed by the plant.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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### Thermodynamic State Analysis In this section, we provide data for a thermodynamic system at four different states. The parameters such as pressure (p), specific enthalpy (h), and quality (x) of the fluid at each state are given as follows: | State | p (bar) | h (kJ/kg) | x | |-------|---------|-----------|--------| | 1 | 12 | 271 | 1 | | 2 | 7 | 261.8 | 0.9995 | | 3 | 7 | 86.78 | 0 | | 4 | 12 | 87.3 | -- | #### Explanation of Parameters - **State**: Indicates the specific state number. - **p (bar)**: Pressure at the given state in bars. - **h (kJ/kg)**: Specific enthalpy at the given state in kilojoules per kilogram. - **x**: Quality or dryness fraction of the fluid, defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture. #### Graph/Diagram Explanation (This particular image does not have any accompanying graphs or diagrams. If there were any, a detailed explanation including axes, trends, and key points would be provided.) ### Problem Statement Determine the solar collector surface area, in square meters per kilowatt (m²/kW) of power developed by the plant. The formula to be used: \[ \frac{A}{\dot{W}_{\text{net}}} = \] Where: - \( A \): Solar collector surface area. - \( \dot{W}_{\text{net}} \): Net power developed by the plant in kilowatts. Please enter the calculated result in the provided input box: \[ \boxed{\text{ }} \; \text{m}^2/\text{kW} \] This problem assesses the understanding of energy balances and conversion efficiencies in solar power generation systems. The solution involves integrating knowledge of thermodynamics and solar energy technology.
Transcribed Image Text:### Thermodynamic State Analysis In this section, we provide data for a thermodynamic system at four different states. The parameters such as pressure (p), specific enthalpy (h), and quality (x) of the fluid at each state are given as follows: | State | p (bar) | h (kJ/kg) | x | |-------|---------|-----------|--------| | 1 | 12 | 271 | 1 | | 2 | 7 | 261.8 | 0.9995 | | 3 | 7 | 86.78 | 0 | | 4 | 12 | 87.3 | -- | #### Explanation of Parameters - **State**: Indicates the specific state number. - **p (bar)**: Pressure at the given state in bars. - **h (kJ/kg)**: Specific enthalpy at the given state in kilojoules per kilogram. - **x**: Quality or dryness fraction of the fluid, defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture. #### Graph/Diagram Explanation (This particular image does not have any accompanying graphs or diagrams. If there were any, a detailed explanation including axes, trends, and key points would be provided.) ### Problem Statement Determine the solar collector surface area, in square meters per kilowatt (m²/kW) of power developed by the plant. The formula to be used: \[ \frac{A}{\dot{W}_{\text{net}}} = \] Where: - \( A \): Solar collector surface area. - \( \dot{W}_{\text{net}} \): Net power developed by the plant in kilowatts. Please enter the calculated result in the provided input box: \[ \boxed{\text{ }} \; \text{m}^2/\text{kW} \] This problem assesses the understanding of energy balances and conversion efficiencies in solar power generation systems. The solution involves integrating knowledge of thermodynamics and solar energy technology.
### Rankine Cycle Solar Power Plant with Refrigerant 134a The figure below provides steady-state operating data for a solar power plant that operates on a Rankine cycle with Refrigerant 134a as its working fluid. The turbine and pump operate adiabatically. The rate of energy input to the collectors from solar radiation is \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\) of collector surface area, with 60% of the solar input to the collectors absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors. #### Diagram Explanation The diagram illustrates a Rankine cycle in a solar power plant: 1. **Solar Collectors**: The solar radiation is captured here. The collected heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{in}} \) is absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors. 2. **Turbine**: The heated refrigerant from the solar collectors enters the turbine at state 1. The turbine performs work \( W_{t} \) as the refrigerant moves to state 2. 3. **Condenser**: At state 2, the refrigerant moves to the condenser where heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{out}} \) is rejected, and the refrigerant condenses. 4. **Pump**: The condensed refrigerant at state 3 is then pumped to a higher pressure at state 4. The pump operates adiabatically and requires work \( W_{p} \). 5. **Cycle Continuity**: The refrigerant at state 4 returns to the solar collectors, maintaining the cycle. ##### Key Parameters: - \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\) - 60% of the solar input is absorbed by the refrigerant This cycle showcases how solar energy can be harnessed efficiently using the Rankine cycle with refrigerants like R134a, ensuring sustainable energy conversion.
Transcribed Image Text:### Rankine Cycle Solar Power Plant with Refrigerant 134a The figure below provides steady-state operating data for a solar power plant that operates on a Rankine cycle with Refrigerant 134a as its working fluid. The turbine and pump operate adiabatically. The rate of energy input to the collectors from solar radiation is \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\) of collector surface area, with 60% of the solar input to the collectors absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors. #### Diagram Explanation The diagram illustrates a Rankine cycle in a solar power plant: 1. **Solar Collectors**: The solar radiation is captured here. The collected heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{in}} \) is absorbed by the refrigerant as it passes through the collectors. 2. **Turbine**: The heated refrigerant from the solar collectors enters the turbine at state 1. The turbine performs work \( W_{t} \) as the refrigerant moves to state 2. 3. **Condenser**: At state 2, the refrigerant moves to the condenser where heat \( \dot{Q}_{\text{out}} \) is rejected, and the refrigerant condenses. 4. **Pump**: The condensed refrigerant at state 3 is then pumped to a higher pressure at state 4. The pump operates adiabatically and requires work \( W_{p} \). 5. **Cycle Continuity**: The refrigerant at state 4 returns to the solar collectors, maintaining the cycle. ##### Key Parameters: - \(\dot{Q}_{\text{in}} / A = 0.55 \, \text{kW per m}^2\) - 60% of the solar input is absorbed by the refrigerant This cycle showcases how solar energy can be harnessed efficiently using the Rankine cycle with refrigerants like R134a, ensuring sustainable energy conversion.
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