Starting with a sample of genotype data from N diploid individuals at a locus with two alleles (A1 and A2), put the following steps in order for estimating genotype and allele frequencies and evaluating whether the locus is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Dragged and dropped options will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ = ||| = ||| = ||| = ||| = Calculate the frequency of each genotype (A1A1; A1A2; and A2A2) by dividing the number of each genotype by the sample size N. Calculate the expected frequency of the A1A2 genotype as 2pq. Compare the actual frequency of the A1A2 genotype with its expected frequency to determine whether or not the locus is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Calculate the frequency p of the A1 allele as the frequency of the A1A1 genotype (all of its alleles are A1) plus half the frequency of the A1A2 genotype (half of its alleles are A1). Calculate the frequency of the A2 allele as q = 1-p.
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
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