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Stars: Changes N, the number of stars in the galaxy Planets: Changes No, the average number of planets per star Habitable Zone: Changes f, the fraction of all planets in the habitable zone Life Sustaining: Changes, the fraction of planets in the habitable zone on which life actually evolves Intelligent Life: Changes the fraction of times where life evolves in which it evolves to be intelligent Lifetime: Changes the lifetime of a typical civilization measured as a fraction of a star's lifetime (typically 1010 years) As the number of civilizations increases, the number of blue dots shown on the galaxy image increases. 1st attempt The first three parameters in the Drake equation have values that have been estimated from astronomical observations to be N -4.00-10¹, N-3.00, and -0.300 We can be pessimistic and assume habitable planets only develop life 0.1% of the time (A -0.001) and intelligent civilizations will only last 5-10 years (- 5.00 x 10). Estimate the minimum value (to one significant figure) of the fraction of life- bearing worlds on which intelligence evolves, in order for at least one planet in the galaxy (e.g. Earth) to evolve a civilization. 5x10 years 1x10 yos

Stars: Changes N, the number of stars in the galaxy Planets: Changes No, the average number of planets per star Habitable Zone: Changes f, the fraction of all planets in the habitable zone Life Sustaining: Changes, the fraction of planets in the habitable zone on which life actually evolves Intelligent Life: Changes the fraction of times where life evolves in which it evolves to be intelligent Lifetime: Changes the lifetime of a typical civilization measured as a fraction of a star's lifetime (typically 1010 years) As the number of civilizations increases, the number of blue dots shown on the galaxy image increases. 1st attempt The first three parameters in the Drake equation have values that have been estimated from astronomical observations to be N -4.00-10¹, N-3.00, and -0.300 We can be pessimistic and assume habitable planets only develop life 0.1% of the time (A -0.001) and intelligent civilizations will only last 5-10 years (- 5.00 x 10). Estimate the minimum value (to one significant figure) of the fraction of life- bearing worlds on which intelligence evolves, in order for at least one planet in the galaxy (e.g. Earth) to evolve a civilization. 5x10 years 1x10 yos

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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Stars: Changes N,, the number of stars in the galaxy Planets: Changes N₁, the average number of planets per star Habitable Zone: Changes f, the fraction of all planets in the habitable zone Life Sustaining: Changes, the fraction of planets in the habitable zone on which life actually evolves Intelligent Life: Changes f, the fraction of times where life evolves in which it evolves to be intelligent Lifetime: Changes f, the lifetime of a typical civilization measured as a fraction of a star's lifetime (typically 10¹0 years) As the number of civilizations increases, the number of blue dots shown on the galaxy image increases. 1st attempt The first three parameters in the Drake equation have values that have been estimated from astronomical observations to be N -4.00-10¹¹, N₂-300, and f-0.300 We can be pessimistic and assume habitable planets only develop life 0.1% of the time (-0.001) and intelligent civilizations will only last 5-10 years (= = 5.00 x 10-5). Estimate the minimum value (to one significant figure) off the fraction of life- bearing worlds on which intelligence evolves, in order for at least one planet in the galaxy (eg. Earth) to evolve a civilization. 5x10 yours 1x10 years
Transcribed Image Text:Stars: Changes N,, the number of stars in the galaxy Planets: Changes N₁, the average number of planets per star Habitable Zone: Changes f, the fraction of all planets in the habitable zone Life Sustaining: Changes, the fraction of planets in the habitable zone on which life actually evolves Intelligent Life: Changes f, the fraction of times where life evolves in which it evolves to be intelligent Lifetime: Changes f, the lifetime of a typical civilization measured as a fraction of a star's lifetime (typically 10¹0 years) As the number of civilizations increases, the number of blue dots shown on the galaxy image increases. 1st attempt The first three parameters in the Drake equation have values that have been estimated from astronomical observations to be N -4.00-10¹¹, N₂-300, and f-0.300 We can be pessimistic and assume habitable planets only develop life 0.1% of the time (-0.001) and intelligent civilizations will only last 5-10 years (= = 5.00 x 10-5). Estimate the minimum value (to one significant figure) off the fraction of life- bearing worlds on which intelligence evolves, in order for at least one planet in the galaxy (eg. Earth) to evolve a civilization. 5x10 yours 1x10 years
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