Standard license plates for passenger vehicles in California are of the form NMLMXXX where N is any digit except 0, X is any digit, L is any uppercase letter and M is any uppercase letter except I, O and Q. What is the minimal number of California licensed vehicles that need to be parked in a parking structure to guarantee that there are ten vehicles with the same first digit, last digit and the first letter in their license plate number? Assuming that all combinations of letters are allowed, what is the minimal number of vehicles in the structure that guarantees that at least ten have the license plate number beginning with 1, ending with 6 and having the first letter P?
Permutations and Combinations
If there are 5 dishes, they can be relished in any order at a time. In permutation, it should be in a particular order. In combination, the order does not matter. Take 3 letters a, b, and c. The possible ways of pairing any two letters are ab, bc, ac, ba, cb and ca. It is in a particular order. So, this can be called the permutation of a, b, and c. But if the order does not matter then ab is the same as ba. Similarly, bc is the same as cb and ac is the same as ca. Here the list has ab, bc, and ac alone. This can be called the combination of a, b, and c.
Counting Theory
The fundamental counting principle is a rule that is used to count the total number of possible outcomes in a given situation.
Standard license plates for passenger vehicles in California are of the form NMLMXXX where N is any digit except 0, X is any digit, L is any uppercase letter and M is any uppercase letter except I, O and Q. What is the minimal number of California licensed vehicles that need to be parked in a parking structure to guarantee that there are ten vehicles with the same first digit, last digit and the first letter in their license plate number? Assuming that all combinations of letters are allowed, what is the minimal number of vehicles in the structure that guarantees that at least ten have the license plate number beginning with 1, ending with 6 and having the first letter P?
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