SS 304 steel shaft is 3 m long and has an outer diameter of 60 mm. When it is rotating at 60 rad/s, it transmits 30 kW of power from the engine to the generator. Determine the following: a. The smallest thickness of the shaft if the allowable shear stress is 150 MPa and the shaft is restricted not to twist more than 0.08 rad. Use G for steel = 83 GPa. b. The percentage savings in weight had the generator utilized a solid shaft. Assume same material, length and torque capacity.

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.