Splitting of a signal in a proton NMR spectrum tells us the number of chemically non-equivalent hydrogens in the immediate vicinity of the hydrogen giving the signal. Predict the number of lines exhibited by hydrogens at the labeled positions in a first-order NMR spectrum. (Make the approximation that all coupling constants are equal.) 1) مہر H₂N The number of lines exhibited by hydrogen(s) a is 3 The number of lines exhibited by hydrogen(s) b is 6 The number of lines exhibited by hydrogen(s) c is 3 2) C The number of lines exhibited by hydrogen(s) a is 3 The number of lines exhibited by hydrogen(s) b is 6 The number of lines exhibited by hydrogen(s) c is 3

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Mass Spectrometry

This process is an instrumental method in which a sample is changed to fast moving positive ions by electron bombardment. The charged particles vary due to their different mass to charge ratio and are estimated with the help of this difference. It is also called mass spectroscopy.