Specify the formal charge at each of the labeled atoms, a - c, in each of the following structures. 1. 2. H3C-N=N=N: a b c H II H H- C H N O & NICO H-C H a H O C-H H / H H H :0 C-H H a. a. b. b. C. G
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![### Specifying Formal Charges in Molecular Structures
When analyzing molecular structures, it is important to determine the formal charge of each atom. The formal charge is an accounting device to ensure the number of electrons in the molecule is arranged correctly among the atoms involved. Below are two molecular structures where you need to specify the formal charge for the labeled atoms (a, b, c).
#### 1. Structure 1
- **Diagram Explanation:**
The structure shows a chain of nitrogen atoms connected to a methyl group (H₃C). Each nitrogen is bonded with different bonding configurations including double and triple bonds. The atoms are labeled as:
- **a:** The nitrogen atom of the methyl group.
- **b:** The middle nitrogen atom.
- **c:** The terminal nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons.
```
H₃C - N ≡ N = N:
a b c
```
- **Specify Formal Charge:**
- a: [Dropdown menu]
- b: [Dropdown menu]
- c: [Dropdown menu]
#### 2. Structure 2
- **Diagram Explanation:**
This structure is an organic molecule with a ring structure, containing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) atoms, surrounded by hydrogen (H) atoms. The atoms are arranged such that the nitrogen and carbon atoms create a part of the ring system. The labeled atoms are:
- **a:** The nitrogen atom within the ring.
- **b:** The carbon atom double-bonded to the nitrogen.
- **c:** The carbon atom single-bonded to the carbon next to it, having a lone pair of electrons.
```
H H
\ /
H - C - C - H
| |
H - C - Nₐ
/ \
H - Cᵦ Cᶜ - H
| |
H H
```
- **Specify Formal Charge:**
- a: [Dropdown menu]
- b: [Dropdown menu]
- c: [Dropdown menu]
### Instructions:
Select the appropriate formal charge for each labeled atom (a, b, c) from the provided dropdown menus for both molecular structures. Formal charges help in predicting real molecular structures by balancing atomic charges according to their bonding and non-bonding valence electrons.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd32c0099-d35b-45af-b7af-24c06e9e82b9%2F6b5d2e63-7d53-4917-ad11-212f2fef0faa%2F3dntrr_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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