Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there is no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that:
Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there is no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that:
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Yeast and Alcohol Production
Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They have added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there is no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that:
1. **The mixture needs more sugar; yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol.**
2. **The mixture needs less sugar; high sugar concentrations stimulate cellular respiration and alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration.**
3. **The mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen.**
4. **The mixture needs more oxygen; yeast need oxygen to break down sugar to produce alcohol.**
### Explanation
In fermentation, yeast converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. If there is no alcohol production, it could be due to the presence of oxygen that leads yeast to undergo cellular respiration instead of fermentation.
#### Diagram Analysis (if present)
If there were a graph or diagram, for example, showing the levels of sugar and oxygen over time in the grape juice mixture, we would likely see an initial drop in sugar levels. If sugar levels drop without a corresponding increase in alcohol levels, it suggests the yeast are respiring rather than fermenting, which typically happens in the presence of oxygen.
- **Graph showing Sugar vs. Time**: You might observe a steady decline in sugar levels.
- **Graph showing Alcohol vs. Time**: You would likely see no increase in alcohol levels if oxygen is present.
These results point towards the necessity to control oxygen levels to ensure fermentation rather than respiration.
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