Some countries like Jamaica has taken a considerably amount of time in updating international conventions into their local maritime laws. You are required to identify the environmental laws in Jamaica relating to ship source pollution and how they prevent and control pollution. Where the laws are non- existent, briefly explain the effect it has on the country. Provide caselaws and examples where applicable

Should the cost of compliance be considered when imposing air pollution regulation?

MANILA, Philippines — The Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) will begin implementing discounts and value-added tax exemption (VAT) for solo parents, as mandated by the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act. In a revenue regulation, the BIR issued the guidelines for the implementation of the 10 percent discount and VAT exemption under the law, which took effect in June last year. Solo parents that are qualified are those with children aged six and below and are earning less than P250,000 annually. The BIR said the discount and exemption would apply to the purchase of various goods in drug stores, pharmacies, grocery stores, and similar establishments. These products include baby’s milk, food and micronutrient supplements, sanitary diapers, medicines, vaccines, and other medical supplements. The solo parent is required to present his or her solo parent identification card and booklet to avail of the discount and VAT exemption. Apart from the discount and VAT exemption, the law provides for a…

The Rochester Corporation has three products that were created by its employees. These products have received patents from both the United States and twenty foreign nations. All three products are currently exported to all of the company’s customers. Which one of the following does not reflect guidelines or rules governing these patents?  The inventor has exclusive rights to the product for a certain period of time       a. Patent rights remain enforceable for 5-20 years depending upon the invention and the country involved b. Patents have an expiration date set some time in the future depending on the invention c. Modifications to the product by others are allowed after one year and with government consent d. Patents offer inventors limited legal monopoly rights

Jenny is the director of a company, Shipley Ltd, which is involved in building and construction. There are four other directors of this company. The company has been lending large sums of money to its parent company in China via an offshore subsidiary for more than two years. The directors have relied on letters of comfort from the parent company that the money will be repaid in due process. Of late, the building and construction industry is facing difficult times due to rising costs of materials which have to be imported from overseas. Shipley Ltd’s financial situation has become more serious and many creditors and subcontractors have not been paid. The parent company is continuing to make assurances that the it will repay the loans but the money has yet to appear in Shipley Ltd’s bank account. Jenny is very concerned as she believes that Shipley Ltd is no longer solvent and the company’s performance is very poor. The other directors brush Jenny’s concerns aside, saying that it is the…

The Government of Jamaica has taken steps to modify the status of security guards providing services within the public sector and private entities, from independent contract workers to standard employees.  This move would better position the employees to access  full benefits of entitlements under the law. A special Task Force, chaired by former Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) Deputy Governor, and comprising public sector representatives, has been appointed to engage security firms contracted by the Government to provide services at MDAs island wide in discussions over 100 days, ending December 2023 and for the special report, with their findings and recommendations, to be tabled no later than January 15, 2024. For employers to honour their obligations, going forward, and for security guards who are employees of these firms to benefit, the simple fact is that customers of security guard firms will have to pay more for security guard services, and there is no way around that. Your mission is, to…

Pollution remediation obligations should be recognized if which of the following obligating events has occurred?   Multiple Choice A violation of a pollution prevention permit has occurred. All of the given items are obligating events that would require recognition of a pollution remediation obligation. The government is compelled to take remediation action due to imminent endangerment to the public health. The government is named or will be named as the responsible or potentially responsible party to a remediation.

What is the highest court in South Africa and where it is located

Some trade companies exported goods under CIP trade terms, during whole130%transportation process, the folowing risks, losses and expenses occurred:(1) Suffered transport vehicles capsizing during transit from the warehouse to the departure port, and resulted in some goods damage.(2) During the loading of the goods from departure port to the ship, one entire package goods faling on shore, caused goods complete damage, and one entirepackage goods falling into the sea, caused some goods slight damage.(3)The ship sufered tsunami during sailing, the engine couldn't work properly, and the ship couldn't move.I(4)Asked tugboat for rescue, and went to refuge port for repairing the ship, and paid salvage charges and warehousing charges.(5) After repairing the ship, the ship sailed again, but suffered heavy weather, caused damage of some goods in the cabin A.(6) Whereafter, suffered grounding, caused complete damage of fragile goods in cabin B.(7) When the ship arrived at the port of destination…

In order to suppress the spread of a viral disease, the government has resorted to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that restrict the mobility of individuals such as quarantine and lockdown. Provide an economic framework, based on private and social benefits and costs that could guide the government in selecting the appropriate form and level of NPI. In the absence of a highly contagious disease, an individual engaging in activity x does not externalize any cost to others. In the presence of the disease, then an infected individual can transmit the disease to others during the performance of his or her activities. Suppose that there are three kinds of individuals: the uninfected, the infected and symptomatic, and the infected but asymptomatic. Would there be differences in the marginal social benefit of restricting activity for the three individuals? If yes, how are they different from each other?