Some ancestral plants had a difficult transition to land, as challenges to survive caused plant evolution to develop very specialized adaptations over an extended amount of time. These are some of the challenges that plants faced: A Avoiding desiccation B. Supporting larger bodies (against gravity) CInternally transporting substances D. Keeping gametes wet E. Keeping embryos wet For each of the above challenges. provide a structure/adaptation that plants have developed which mitigates that specific challenge. Must describe a structure or trait for all!
Plant Structure and Growth
Roots anchor, the plant, ingest minerals and water, direct water and supplements, and store food. These are two kinds of root frameworks.
Plant Life Cycle
Plants are part of the PLANT KINGDOM, which is one of the five kingdoms of life. Plants are divided into smaller classes based on common characteristics. Certain characteristics are shared by all plants. They are made up of a large number of cells. They also make their own food through a chemical process called photosynthesis, which involves the use of water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy. They pump life-giving oxygen into the air as a by-product.
Life Cycle of Plants
All the organisms that belong to the Kingdom Plantae are known as plants. They are multicellular and eukaryotic and can synthesize their food by photosynthesis, known as autotrophic organisms. They are classified based on certain characteristics, such as the plants bear flowers; some have only naked seeds and do not contain flowers. Some plants neither have seeds nor flowers, such as ferns and mosses.
Plant Morphology and Anatomy
The study of life and organisms is biology. The cell is recognized as the basic unit of life by biology. From ancient Greek, biology is recognized. Modern biology deals with the recent developments in Science.
Plants are defined as the multicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Plantae, and they use photosynthesis to produce their food from the inorganic matter.
The structures that are developed in the plant to mitigate the following challenges are:
(A) Avoiding desiccation: In plants, any cell which has a large and water-filled vacuole can overcome the mechanical stress that is caused due to shrinking during drying and thus, avoids desiccation. Also, some of the resurrection plants' cell walls have some particular adaptations that will promote folding; thus, decreasing the mechanical stress caused due to desiccation.
(B) Supporting larger bodies (against gravity): The gravity perception will rely upon the amyloplast's downward movement, which are specialized plastids packed with heavy and large starch granules. The subsequent bending of different plant organs is mediated with the help of plant growth hormone auxin.
(C) Internally transporting substances: Plants have two types of transport systems: xylem and phloem. Xylem will transport water and minerals to different parts of plants, and phloem will transport sugars and amino acids dissolved in water.
(D) Keeping gametes wet: In plants, antheridium, the male gametangium, is a moist chamber in which male gametes develop while archegonium, which is the female gametangium, is a moist chamber in which female gametes will develop.
(E) Keeping embryos wet: Embryo will develop from the apical or terminal cell. The suspensor which develops from the basal cell will anchor the embryo with the endosperm and, therefore, serves as a nutrient conduit or conduct for the developing or growing embryo; thus, keeping it moisturized.
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