Solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions. 1. A cylinder contains 4.18 L of nitrogen gas at a pressure of 760 mmHg. A piston slowly compresses the gas to a pressure of 900 mmHg. The temperature of the gas remains constant. What is the final volume of the gas? 2. A cylindrical, expandable container that contains 45 L of argon gas has an initial pressure of 1.2 atm. If the pressure was increased to 2000 mmHg, calculate the final volume of the container. Assume that the temperature is constant.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions.
1. A cylinder contains 4.18 L of nitrogen gas at a pressure of 760 mmHg. A piston
slowly compresses the gas to a pressure of 900 mmHg. The temperature of the gas
remains constant. What is the final volume of the gas?
2. A cylindrical, expandable container that contains 45 L of argon gas has an initial
pressure of 1.2 atm. If the pressure was increased to 2000 mmHg, calculate the
final volume of the container. Assume that the temperature is constant.
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