Solar radiation is incident on the front surface of athin plate with direct and diffuse components of 300 and 250W/m2, respectively. The direct radiation makes a 30° anglewith the normal of the surface. The plate surfaces have a solarabsorptivity of 0.63 and an emissivity of 0.93. The air temperatureis 5°C and the convection heat transfer coefficient is20 W/m2·K. The effective sky temperature for the front surfaceis -33°C while the surrounding surfaces are at 5°C forthe back surface. Determine the equilibrium temperature ofthe plate.

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Radiation

Radiation can be described as the energy in the form of a particular matter or electromagnetic waves traveling in the air and can be in the form of light, sound, and heat. Radiation can be detected through special instruments like X-rays. The radiation from a cooler object is less intense as compared to the radiation from hot objects.