Soil To estimate the PCB burden in British soils, we have used the data of Alcock et al. (1993) from a survey of 39 rural and urban soils from northwest England. The data we have used are based upon a sampling depth of 5 cm. Therefore, if the surface area of the UK not under freshwater is taken to be 2.475 × 101 m² (Geo-data, 1983) and average soil bulk density as 1000 kg m 3, the top 5 cm of UK topsoil will weigh 1.24 × 10¹³ kg. As a cautionary note, in view of the fact that PCBs are to be found, albeit at lower concen- trations, at depths below 5 cm, the actual quantity of PCBs associated with British soils is likely to exceed the burdens listed below, perhaps by a factor of two or more. It is also possible that we have selected data that are unrepresentative of typical UK levels. Specifically, the levels quoted here are higher than those previously reported for rural UK soils by Creaser et al., (1989). Although we feel that any such error is unlikely to be major, the effect on the overall soil burden of either decreasing or increasing the assumed typical PCB level in UK soils is obvious. Despite such reservations as to the precise loading, it is clear that soils represent a major sink for PCBs in the UK. Both the concentra- tions used and the calculated soil burdens are included
Soil To estimate the PCB burden in British soils, we have used the data of Alcock et al. (1993) from a survey of 39 rural and urban soils from northwest England. The data we have used are based upon a sampling depth of 5 cm. Therefore, if the surface area of the UK not under freshwater is taken to be 2.475 × 101 m² (Geo-data, 1983) and average soil bulk density as 1000 kg m 3, the top 5 cm of UK topsoil will weigh 1.24 × 10¹³ kg. As a cautionary note, in view of the fact that PCBs are to be found, albeit at lower concen- trations, at depths below 5 cm, the actual quantity of PCBs associated with British soils is likely to exceed the burdens listed below, perhaps by a factor of two or more. It is also possible that we have selected data that are unrepresentative of typical UK levels. Specifically, the levels quoted here are higher than those previously reported for rural UK soils by Creaser et al., (1989). Although we feel that any such error is unlikely to be major, the effect on the overall soil burden of either decreasing or increasing the assumed typical PCB level in UK soils is obvious. Despite such reservations as to the precise loading, it is clear that soils represent a major sink for PCBs in the UK. Both the concentra- tions used and the calculated soil burdens are included
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
Related questions
Question
Trying to find the mass
Transcribed Image Text:Soil
To estimate the PCB burden in British soils, we have
used the data of Alcock et al. (1993) from a survey
of 39 rural and urban soils from northwest England.
The data we have used are based upon a sampling
depth of 5 cm. Therefore, if the surface area of the
UK not under freshwater is taken to be 2.475 ×
101 m² (Geo-data, 1983) and average soil bulk density
as 1000 kg m 3, the top 5 cm of UK topsoil will weigh
1.24 × 10¹³ kg. As a cautionary note, in view of the
fact that PCBs are to be found, albeit at lower concen-
trations, at depths below 5 cm, the actual quantity of
PCBs associated with British soils is likely to exceed the
burdens listed below, perhaps by a factor of two or
more. It is also possible that we have selected data that
are unrepresentative of typical UK levels. Specifically,
the levels quoted here are higher than those previously
reported for rural UK soils by Creaser et al., (1989).
Although we feel that any such error is unlikely to be
major, the effect on the overall soil burden of either
decreasing or increasing the assumed typical PCB level
in UK soils is obvious. Despite such reservations as
to the precise loading, it is clear that soils represent a
major sink for PCBs in the UK. Both the concentra-
tions used and the calculated soil burdens are included
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
Recommended textbooks for you
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780470458365
Author:
Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:
Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
Numerical Methods for Engineers
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780073397924
Author:
Steven C. Chapra Dr., Raymond P. Canale
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Introductory Mathematics for Engineering Applicat…
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9781118141809
Author:
Nathan Klingbeil
Publisher:
WILEY
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780470458365
Author:
Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:
Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
Numerical Methods for Engineers
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780073397924
Author:
Steven C. Chapra Dr., Raymond P. Canale
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Introductory Mathematics for Engineering Applicat…
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9781118141809
Author:
Nathan Klingbeil
Publisher:
WILEY
Mathematics For Machine Technology
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9781337798310
Author:
Peterson, John.
Publisher:
Cengage Learning,
