Sockeye salmon swim sometimes hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean, where they grow up, to rivers for spawning. Kokanee are a type of freshwater sockeye that spend their entire lives in lakes before swimming to rivers to mate. In both types of fish, the males are bright red during mating. This red coloration is caused by carotenoid pigments, which the fish cannot synthesize but get from their food. The ocean environment is much richer in carotenoids than the lake environment, which raises the question: how do kokanee males become as red as the sockeye? One hypothesis is that the kokanee are much more efficient than the sockeye at using available carotenoids. This hypothesis was tested by an experiment in which both sockeye and kokanee individuals were raised in the lab with low levels of carotenoids in their diets (Craig and Foote 2001). Their skin color was measured electronically (as a* units on an L*a*b* standard that correlates strongly with redness). The data are as follows and are plotted in the accompanying histograms: Kokanee: 1.11, 1.34, 155, 1.53, 1.50, 1.71, 1.87, 1.86, 1.82, 2.01, 1.95, 2.01, 1.66, 1.49, 1.59, 1.69, 1.80, 2.00, 2.30. Sockeye: 0.98, 0.88, 0.97, 0.99, 1.02, 1.03, 0.99, 0.97, 0.98, 1.03, 1.08, 1.15, 0.90, 0.95, 0.94, 0.99. Frequency Frequency 3- 2- 10 8 2 Kokanee Sockeye 15 Skin color measure a. List two methods that would be appropriate to test whether there was a difference in mean skin color between the two groups. b. Use a transformation to test whether there is a difference in mean between these two groups. Is there a difference in the mean of kokanee and sockeye skin color? 2.5
Sockeye salmon swim sometimes hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean, where they grow up, to rivers for spawning. Kokanee are a type of freshwater sockeye that spend their entire lives in lakes before swimming to rivers to mate. In both types of fish, the males are bright red during mating. This red coloration is caused by carotenoid pigments, which the fish cannot synthesize but get from their food. The ocean environment is much richer in carotenoids than the lake environment, which raises the question: how do kokanee males become as red as the sockeye? One hypothesis is that the kokanee are much more efficient than the sockeye at using available carotenoids. This hypothesis was tested by an experiment in which both sockeye and kokanee individuals were raised in the lab with low levels of carotenoids in their diets (Craig and Foote 2001). Their skin color was measured electronically (as a* units on an L*a*b* standard that correlates strongly with redness). The data are as follows and are plotted in the accompanying histograms: Kokanee: 1.11, 1.34, 155, 1.53, 1.50, 1.71, 1.87, 1.86, 1.82, 2.01, 1.95, 2.01, 1.66, 1.49, 1.59, 1.69, 1.80, 2.00, 2.30. Sockeye: 0.98, 0.88, 0.97, 0.99, 1.02, 1.03, 0.99, 0.97, 0.98, 1.03, 1.08, 1.15, 0.90, 0.95, 0.94, 0.99. Frequency Frequency 3- 2- 10 8 2 Kokanee Sockeye 15 Skin color measure a. List two methods that would be appropriate to test whether there was a difference in mean skin color between the two groups. b. Use a transformation to test whether there is a difference in mean between these two groups. Is there a difference in the mean of kokanee and sockeye skin color? 2.5
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Sockeye salmon swim sometimes hundreds of
miles from the Pacific Ocean, where they grow
up, to rivers for spawning. Kokanee are a type
of freshwater sockeye that spend their entire
lives in lakes before swimming to rivers to mate.
In both types of fish, the males are bright red
during mating. This red coloration is caused
by carotenoid pigments, which the fish cannot
synthesize but get from their food. The ocean
environment is much richer in carotenoids than
the lake environment, which raises the question:
how do kokanee males become as red as the
sockeye? One hypothesis is that the kokanee
are much more efficient than the sockeye at
using available carotenoids. This hypothesis
was tested by an experiment in which both
sockeye and kokanee individuals were raised in
the lab with low levels of carotenoids in their
diets (Craig and Foote 2001). Their skin color
was measured electronically (as a* units on an
L*a*b* standard that correlates strongly with
redness). The data are as follows and are plotted
in the accompanying histograms:
Kokanee: 1.11, 1.34, 155, 1.53, 1.50, 1.71,
1.87, 1.86, 1.82, 2.01, 1.95, 2.01, 1.66, 1.49,
1.59, 1.69, 1.80, 2.00, 2.30.
67%
Sockeye: 0.98, 0.88, 0.97, 0.99, 1.02, 1.03, 0.99,
0.97, 0.98, 1.03, 1.08, 1.15, 0.90, 0.95, 0.94,
0.99.
Frequency
Frequency
12-
10
8-
6-
4-
2
1
2
Kokanee
15
Skin color measure
a. List two methods that would be appropriate
to test whether there was a difference in
mean skin color between the two groups.
b. Use a transformation to test whether there
is a difference in mean between these two
groups. Is there a difference in the mean of
kokanee and sockeye skin color?
Sockeye
2.5
S
G
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