So I am enrolled in a "principles of programming course" and need help understanding these "side effects". My teacher gave me this definition but I need help elaborating and understanding these side effects. Functional side effects: when a function changes a two-way parameter or a non-local variable• Problem with functional side effects:• When a function referenced in an expression alters another operand of the expression; e.g.,for a parameter change:a = 10;/* assume that fun changes its parameter */b = a + fun(&a); SOMEONE PLEASE PROVIDE EXAMPLES!!! ### Example Side Effects- **Modifying a non-local variable**: This occurs when a function changes a variable that was not declared within it, affecting the program's wider state. - **Modifying a static local variable**: Here, a function changes a local variable whose value persists between function calls, influencing future operations. - **Modifying a mutable argument passed by reference**: In this scenario, a function alters an argument that is mutable, such as a list or dictionary in Python, causing changes that are reflected outside the function. - **Performing I/O or calling other functions with side-effects**: This type of side effect involves executing input/output operations or invoking other functions that themselves have side effects, resulting in changes beyond their scope.

Solution: Side effects: Side effects are a major source of bugs. They also make code very…

Answered: So I am enrolled in a "principles of…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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So I am enrolled in a "principles of programming course" and need help understanding these "side effects". My teacher gave me this definition but I need help elaborating and understanding these side effects. Functional side effects: when a function changes a two-way parameter or a non-
local variable
• Problem with functional side effects:
• When a function referenced in an expression alters another operand of the expression; e.g.,
for a parameter change:
a = 10;
/* assume that fun changes its parameter */
b = a + fun(&a);

SOMEONE PLEASE PROVIDE EXAMPLES!!!

### Example Side Effects

- **Modifying a non-local variable**: This occurs when a function changes a variable that was not declared within it, affecting the program's wider state.

- **Modifying a static local variable**: Here, a function changes a local variable whose value persists between function calls, influencing future operations.

- **Modifying a mutable argument passed by reference**: In this scenario, a function alters an argument that is mutable, such as a list or dictionary in Python, causing changes that are reflected outside the function.

- **Performing I/O or calling other functions with side-effects**: This type of side effect involves executing input/output operations or invoking other functions that themselves have side effects, resulting in changes beyond their scope.

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