Sketch a diagram of the outer, middle, and inner ears. Include and label the following parts: outer hair cells, tympanic membrane, tectorial membrane,tympanic canal, malleus, stapes, round window, oval window, incus, vestibular canal, middle canal, ear canal, basilar membrane, Reissner’s membrane, inner hair cells, pinna.
Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs
Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.
Sensory Receptors
The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.
Sketch a diagram of the outer, middle, and inner ears. Include and label the following parts: outer hair cells, tympanic membrane, tectorial membrane,tympanic canal, malleus, stapes, round window, oval window, incus, vestibular canal, middle canal, ear canal, basilar membrane, Reissner’s membrane, inner hair cells, pinna.
The ear is the organ of hearing and balance in mammals. It has three parts namely external, middle, and inner portions.
The outer ear is called the pinna and is made of ridged cartilage covered by skin. Sound funnels through the pinna into the external auditory canal, a short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane. Sound causes the eardrum and its tiny attached bones in the middle portion of the ear to vibrate, and the vibrations are conducted to the nearby cochlea. The spiral-shaped cochlea is part of the inner ear; it transforms sound into nerve impulses that travel to the brain. The fluid-filled semicircular canals labyrinth attached to the cochlea and nerves in the inner ear. They send information on balance and head position to the brain. The eustachian auditory tube drains fluid from the middle ear into the throat pharynx behind the nose.
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