Situation 7-Precast concrete pile, 400 mm x 400 mm x 20 m long is to be lifted from 19. If the pile is lifted horizontally at two points, at what equal distance (m) from the ends should the pile be held so that the resulting bending stress is the least the casting bed. possible? A. 3.86 B. 4.14 C. 3.55 D. 3.84 20. At what equal distance (m) from the ends should the pile be lifted horizontally so that the resulting shear stress is smallest? A. 5 B. 4.5 C. 3.5 D. 5.5

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A: In situ void ratio of top soil (et) = 0.47 Void ratio of borrow soil (eb) = 0.71

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.