Silurian Rhudering nStage Ordovician Period Hirnantian Stage Rawtheya n Stage A. ascensus N. persculptus N. extraordinarius P. pacificus End-Ordovician Mass Extinction A Conodonts no data V Grapolites 216. Trilobites Brenchley et al., 2001 Brachiopods B -2 -1 $180water 1 0 Last glacial max 2 3 C 2 0 813Ccarb 2 Biscketone River Monitor range Copenhagen Canyon LaPorte et al, 2009 Kump et al, 1999 Finnegan et al., 2011 Figure 2. Time-calibrated plot of major species diversity (Panel A) in the Ordovician against values of Oxygen-18 isotopes (Panel B) and Carbon-13 isotopes (Panel C) (from Hammarlund et al. 2012). A rise in 0-18 and C-13 isotopes (indicated by a shift to the right of the panels, respectively) indicates a warming climate.
Silurian Rhudering nStage Ordovician Period Hirnantian Stage Rawtheya n Stage A. ascensus N. persculptus N. extraordinarius P. pacificus End-Ordovician Mass Extinction A Conodonts no data V Grapolites 216. Trilobites Brenchley et al., 2001 Brachiopods B -2 -1 $180water 1 0 Last glacial max 2 3 C 2 0 813Ccarb 2 Biscketone River Monitor range Copenhagen Canyon LaPorte et al, 2009 Kump et al, 1999 Finnegan et al., 2011 Figure 2. Time-calibrated plot of major species diversity (Panel A) in the Ordovician against values of Oxygen-18 isotopes (Panel B) and Carbon-13 isotopes (Panel C) (from Hammarlund et al. 2012). A rise in 0-18 and C-13 isotopes (indicated by a shift to the right of the panels, respectively) indicates a warming climate.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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According to Figure 2 above, how many extinction events contributed to the end-Ordovician mass extinction and when did they occur?
Transcribed Image Text:**End-Ordovician Mass Extinction**
**Figure 2.** This illustration presents a time-calibrated plot detailing the diversity of major species during the Ordovician period. It features three main panels:
- **Panel A** shows the diversity of four major species groups (Conodonts, Graptolites, Trilobites, and Brachiopods) across different stages of the Ordovician period, including Rawtheyan, Hirnantian, and the transition into the Silurian period. The graph indicates a decline in species diversity, particularly noticeable across the N. extraordinarius to A. ascensus stages.
- **Panel B** displays the variation in Oxygen-18 isotopes (δ18O) in water. A significant increase to the right of the panel corresponds to the Late Glacial Maximum, indicating a colder climate with extensive ice coverage that transitions to an ice-free state.
- **Panel C** illustrates the changes in Carbon-13 isotopes (δ13C) in carbonate materials. Different datasets from Blackstone River, Monitor Range, Copenhagen Canyon, and others are represented by various colored dots, with a rightward shift suggesting a rise in δ13C values.
Overall, the increase in O-18 and C-13 isotopes, as marked by the transition towards the right in panels B and C, suggests a warming climate post-ice age. This data, collected from multiple studies referenced at the bottom, provides insights into the environmental changes occurring during the End-Ordovician Mass Extinction event.
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