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Sialic acid (aka n-acetylneuraminic acid or NANA) is a carbohydrate present on many human cell types, and proteins that can bind to them are often important for pathogens that cause infection. The figure below shows the structure of sialic acid bound to the NanC protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, alongside the structure of sialic acid for reference. R237 F243 N143 OH HO HO L128 R161 OH R151 E159 Figure 1. Left: NanC (light blue) in complex with sialic acid (green). Oxygen atoms are represented in red and nitrogen atoms in blue. Hydrogens are not shown, but are implied. The residues of NanC are labeled with their one letter code and amino acid position. The small lone red dots represent water molecules, and the dotted lines represent non- covalent interactions. Right: Chemical structure of sialic acid at physiological pH. In a clear, well-reasoned argument, predict what the impact of mutating the Glu at position 159 (E159) to an Asp would be on the ability of NanC to bind sialic acid. Would the strength of interaction be increased, diminished, eliminated, or something else? A complete answer will include discussion of the specific noncovalent-bonds between ligand and protein, differences between Asp and Glu, and address any assumptions underlying the prediction. Keep in mind that some assumptions are more reasonable than others, and you should default to the most likely assumption. As before, you will be graded more on the quality of your argument than your specific prediction. ZI

Sialic acid (aka n-acetylneuraminic acid or NANA) is a carbohydrate present on many human cell types, and proteins that can bind to them are often important for pathogens that cause infection. The figure below shows the structure of sialic acid bound to the NanC protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, alongside the structure of sialic acid for reference. R237 F243 N143 OH HO HO L128 R161 OH R151 E159 Figure 1. Left: NanC (light blue) in complex with sialic acid (green). Oxygen atoms are represented in red and nitrogen atoms in blue. Hydrogens are not shown, but are implied. The residues of NanC are labeled with their one letter code and amino acid position. The small lone red dots represent water molecules, and the dotted lines represent non- covalent interactions. Right: Chemical structure of sialic acid at physiological pH. In a clear, well-reasoned argument, predict what the impact of mutating the Glu at position 159 (E159) to an Asp would be on the ability of NanC to bind sialic acid. Would the strength of interaction be increased, diminished, eliminated, or something else? A complete answer will include discussion of the specific noncovalent-bonds between ligand and protein, differences between Asp and Glu, and address any assumptions underlying the prediction. Keep in mind that some assumptions are more reasonable than others, and you should default to the most likely assumption. As before, you will be graded more on the quality of your argument than your specific prediction. ZI

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
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**Sialic Acid and NanC Protein Interaction** Sialic acid (also known as N-acetylneuraminic acid or NANA) is a carbohydrate present on many human cell types, and proteins that can bind to them are often important for pathogens that cause infection. The figure below shows the structure of sialic acid bound to the NanC protein of *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, alongside the structure of sialic acid for reference. **Figure Explanation** - **Left Diagram**: Depicts NanC (light blue) in complex with sialic acid (green). Oxygen atoms are represented in red and nitrogen atoms in blue. Hydrogens are not shown but are implied. The residues of NanC are labeled with their one-letter code and amino acid position. The small lone red dots represent water molecules, and the dotted lines represent non-covalent interactions. - **Right Diagram**: Shows the chemical structure of sialic acid at physiological pH. **Discussion Prompt** In a clear, well-reasoned argument, predict what the impact of mutating the Glu at position 159 (E159) to an Asp would be on the ability of NanC to bind sialic acid. Would the strength of interaction be increased, diminished, eliminated, or something else? A complete answer will include a discussion of the specific noncovalent bonds between ligand and protein, differences between Asp and Glu, and address any assumptions underlying the prediction. Keep in mind that some assumptions are more reasonable than others, and you should default to the most likely assumption. As before, you will be graded more on the quality of your argument than your specific prediction.
Transcribed Image Text:**Sialic Acid and NanC Protein Interaction** Sialic acid (also known as N-acetylneuraminic acid or NANA) is a carbohydrate present on many human cell types, and proteins that can bind to them are often important for pathogens that cause infection. The figure below shows the structure of sialic acid bound to the NanC protein of *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, alongside the structure of sialic acid for reference. **Figure Explanation** - **Left Diagram**: Depicts NanC (light blue) in complex with sialic acid (green). Oxygen atoms are represented in red and nitrogen atoms in blue. Hydrogens are not shown but are implied. The residues of NanC are labeled with their one-letter code and amino acid position. The small lone red dots represent water molecules, and the dotted lines represent non-covalent interactions. - **Right Diagram**: Shows the chemical structure of sialic acid at physiological pH. **Discussion Prompt** In a clear, well-reasoned argument, predict what the impact of mutating the Glu at position 159 (E159) to an Asp would be on the ability of NanC to bind sialic acid. Would the strength of interaction be increased, diminished, eliminated, or something else? A complete answer will include a discussion of the specific noncovalent bonds between ligand and protein, differences between Asp and Glu, and address any assumptions underlying the prediction. Keep in mind that some assumptions are more reasonable than others, and you should default to the most likely assumption. As before, you will be graded more on the quality of your argument than your specific prediction.
### Sialic Acid and NanC Protein Interaction **Sialic acid** (also known as n-acetylneuraminic acid or NANA) is a carbohydrate present on many human cell types. Proteins that can bind to them are often important for pathogens that cause infection. The figure below illustrates the structure of sialic acid bound to the **NanC protein** of *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, alongside the structure of sialic acid for reference. #### Diagram Explanation - **Left Figure:** - Depicts NanC (in light blue) in complex with sialic acid (in green). - Oxygen atoms are represented in red, and nitrogen atoms are in blue. Hydrogen atoms are not shown but are implied. - The residues of NanC are labeled with their one-letter code and amino acid position: - F243 - R151 - L128 - E159 - R161 - R237 - N142 - The small lone red dots represent water molecules, while the dotted lines signify non-covalent interactions. - **Right Figure:** - Shows the chemical structure of sialic acid at physiological pH. #### Analytical Question Consider a well-reasoned argument predicting the impact of mutating the Glu at position 159 (E159) to an Asp on the ability of NanC to bind sialic acid. Would this impact increase, diminish, eliminate, or otherwise affect the interaction strength? A complete answer should discuss the specific non-covalent bonds between the ligand and protein, note differences between Asp and Glu, and address assumptions underlying the prediction. Assume the most likely scenarios unless specified otherwise. Note: The quality of your argument will be graded more than the exactness of your prediction.
Transcribed Image Text:### Sialic Acid and NanC Protein Interaction **Sialic acid** (also known as n-acetylneuraminic acid or NANA) is a carbohydrate present on many human cell types. Proteins that can bind to them are often important for pathogens that cause infection. The figure below illustrates the structure of sialic acid bound to the **NanC protein** of *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, alongside the structure of sialic acid for reference. #### Diagram Explanation - **Left Figure:** - Depicts NanC (in light blue) in complex with sialic acid (in green). - Oxygen atoms are represented in red, and nitrogen atoms are in blue. Hydrogen atoms are not shown but are implied. - The residues of NanC are labeled with their one-letter code and amino acid position: - F243 - R151 - L128 - E159 - R161 - R237 - N142 - The small lone red dots represent water molecules, while the dotted lines signify non-covalent interactions. - **Right Figure:** - Shows the chemical structure of sialic acid at physiological pH. #### Analytical Question Consider a well-reasoned argument predicting the impact of mutating the Glu at position 159 (E159) to an Asp on the ability of NanC to bind sialic acid. Would this impact increase, diminish, eliminate, or otherwise affect the interaction strength? A complete answer should discuss the specific non-covalent bonds between the ligand and protein, note differences between Asp and Glu, and address assumptions underlying the prediction. Assume the most likely scenarios unless specified otherwise. Note: The quality of your argument will be graded more than the exactness of your prediction.
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