Shown below is a section from the datasheet of 74LS32, a quad 2-input OR chip. What is the noise margin high (in V) of this chip? Limits Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit VIH Input HIGH Voltage 2.0 V VIL Input LOW Voltage 0.8 VIK Input Clamp Diode Voltage -0.65 -1.5 V V VOH Output HIGH Voltage 3.5 V V VOL Output LOW Voltage 0.35 0.5 V 20 μA IH Input HIGH Current 0.1 mA IIL Input LOW Current -0.4 mA los Short Circuit Current (Note 1) -100 mA Power Supply Current Total, Output HIGH 6.2 Icc mA Total, Output LOW 9.8 74 74 74 2.7 -20

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Define all the region of working for the diode.

An analog signal voltage in the range of 0 to 8V is divided into 16 equal intervals by a quantizer. What will be the maximum quantization error?

Question 4. Design a limiter circuit using only diodes and 10 K resistor to provide an output signal limited to +1.4 V.

Create the Diode Characteristic Curve for this data values. Diode Voltage (VD) Diode Current (ID) 0.890904 9.109 0.884515 7.115 0.876023 5.124 0.86333 3.137 0.837654 1.162 0.793023 0.206975 0.779114 0.120885 0.754079 0.04592 0.695273 0.004727 0.599882 0.000118256 0.499998 0.000002487 0.4 5.2464E-08 0.3 1.39E-09 0.2 2.23008E-10 0.1 1.00568E-10 0 0 -0.1 -1.0011E-09 -0.2 -2.00211E-09 -0.3 -3.0031E-09 -0.4 -4.00411E-09 -0.5 -5.0051E-09 -0.6 -6.0061E-09 -0.7 -7.0071E-09 -0.8 -8.0081E-09 -0.9 -9.00911E-09 -1 -1.001E-08 -2 -2.002E-08 -4 -4.004E-08 -6 -6.006E-08 -8 -8.008E-08 -10 -1.001E-07 -20 -2.002E-07 -40 -4.004E-07 -60 -6.006E-07 -80 -8.008E-07 -100 -0.000001001 -200 -0.000002002 -300 -0.000003003 -400 -0.000004004 -500 -0.000005005

What is a highly doped n semiconductor? What is a doped p semiconductor?