Shown below 1s a carbocation intermediate in an electrophilic addition reaction of HCl with an alkene. For the conformation shown, select each hydrogen whose bond to carbon is aligned for effective hyperconjugation with the vacant p orbital on the positively charged carbon. Each adjacent carbon will have only one C-H bond so aligned. Gray = C; white = H; red = 0; blue = N; dark green = Cl; brown = Br; light green = F; purple = I; yellow = S; orange = P. Double click to select atoms. You can zoom in and out using the mouse scroll wheel (or pinch to zoom on touch screens).
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
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