Show the following: (a) p ∧ t ≡ p, where t is a tautology. (b) p ∧ c ≡ c, where c is a contradiction. (c) ∼ t ≡ c and ∼ c ≡ t, where t is a tautology and c is a contradcition. (d) p ∨ p ≡ p and p ∧ p ≡ p.

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A:

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A: Solution:

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