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Show that the energy of an ideal dipole p in an external electric field E is
U = −p · E (3)
Start by calculating the energy of a physical dipole of charges ±q separated by a
displacement a, with p = qa. Then take the limit |a| → 0, q → ∞ with qa constant
(equal to p).

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Show that the energy of an ideal dipole p in an external electric field E is U = −p · E (3) Start by calculating the energy of a physical dipole of charges ±q separated by a displacement a, with p = qa. Then take the limit |a| → 0, q → ∞ with qa constant (equal to p).