Calculus: Early Transcendentals
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285741550
Author:James Stewart
Publisher:James Stewart
Chapter1: Functions And Models
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RCC: (a) What is a function? What are its domain and range? (b) What is the graph of a function? (c) How...
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![**Title: Understanding Subspaces in Vector Spaces**
**Concept:**
A subset \( W \) of a vector space \( V \) is a subspace of \( V \) if and only if the span of \( W \), denoted by \( \text{span}[W] \), is equal to \( W \).
**Explanation:**
In the context of vector spaces, a subspace is a subset of a vector space that is itself a vector space under the inherited operations. For \( W \) to be considered a subspace:
1. **Non-emptiness and Zero Vector**: \( W \) must contain the zero vector.
2. **Closure under Addition**: If \( \mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v} \in W \), then \( \mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v} \in W \).
3. **Closure under Scalar Multiplication**: If \( \mathbf{u} \in W \) and \( c \) is a scalar, then \( c \mathbf{u} \in W \).
The span of \( W \), \( \text{span}[W] \), is defined as the set of all linear combinations of vectors in \( W \). If \(\text{span}[W] = W\), this ensures all vectors in \( W \) can be represented as linear combinations of themselves, which satisfies the necessary conditions for \( W \) to be a subspace.
This relationship highlights the fundamental property of subspaces, ensuring that it is not only closed under vector additions and scalar multiplications but also fully generated by its own vectors.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd4ed983c-8942-4ca0-93d1-8e13c157c75d%2F8f98fa14-54e2-465c-8825-00ad8ea76066%2F05gg9l9_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Subspaces in Vector Spaces**
**Concept:**
A subset \( W \) of a vector space \( V \) is a subspace of \( V \) if and only if the span of \( W \), denoted by \( \text{span}[W] \), is equal to \( W \).
**Explanation:**
In the context of vector spaces, a subspace is a subset of a vector space that is itself a vector space under the inherited operations. For \( W \) to be considered a subspace:
1. **Non-emptiness and Zero Vector**: \( W \) must contain the zero vector.
2. **Closure under Addition**: If \( \mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v} \in W \), then \( \mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v} \in W \).
3. **Closure under Scalar Multiplication**: If \( \mathbf{u} \in W \) and \( c \) is a scalar, then \( c \mathbf{u} \in W \).
The span of \( W \), \( \text{span}[W] \), is defined as the set of all linear combinations of vectors in \( W \). If \(\text{span}[W] = W\), this ensures all vectors in \( W \) can be represented as linear combinations of themselves, which satisfies the necessary conditions for \( W \) to be a subspace.
This relationship highlights the fundamental property of subspaces, ensuring that it is not only closed under vector additions and scalar multiplications but also fully generated by its own vectors.
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