Show that a subset W of a vector space V is a subspace of V if and only if span[W] = W.

Calculus: Early Transcendentals
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Author:James Stewart
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Chapter1: Functions And Models
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**Title: Understanding Subspaces in Vector Spaces**

**Concept:** 

A subset \( W \) of a vector space \( V \) is a subspace of \( V \) if and only if the span of \( W \), denoted by \( \text{span}[W] \), is equal to \( W \).

**Explanation:**

In the context of vector spaces, a subspace is a subset of a vector space that is itself a vector space under the inherited operations. For \( W \) to be considered a subspace:

1. **Non-emptiness and Zero Vector**: \( W \) must contain the zero vector.
2. **Closure under Addition**: If \( \mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v} \in W \), then \( \mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v} \in W \).
3. **Closure under Scalar Multiplication**: If \( \mathbf{u} \in W \) and \( c \) is a scalar, then \( c \mathbf{u} \in W \).

The span of \( W \), \( \text{span}[W] \), is defined as the set of all linear combinations of vectors in \( W \). If \(\text{span}[W] = W\), this ensures all vectors in \( W \) can be represented as linear combinations of themselves, which satisfies the necessary conditions for \( W \) to be a subspace. 

This relationship highlights the fundamental property of subspaces, ensuring that it is not only closed under vector additions and scalar multiplications but also fully generated by its own vectors.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Subspaces in Vector Spaces** **Concept:** A subset \( W \) of a vector space \( V \) is a subspace of \( V \) if and only if the span of \( W \), denoted by \( \text{span}[W] \), is equal to \( W \). **Explanation:** In the context of vector spaces, a subspace is a subset of a vector space that is itself a vector space under the inherited operations. For \( W \) to be considered a subspace: 1. **Non-emptiness and Zero Vector**: \( W \) must contain the zero vector. 2. **Closure under Addition**: If \( \mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v} \in W \), then \( \mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v} \in W \). 3. **Closure under Scalar Multiplication**: If \( \mathbf{u} \in W \) and \( c \) is a scalar, then \( c \mathbf{u} \in W \). The span of \( W \), \( \text{span}[W] \), is defined as the set of all linear combinations of vectors in \( W \). If \(\text{span}[W] = W\), this ensures all vectors in \( W \) can be represented as linear combinations of themselves, which satisfies the necessary conditions for \( W \) to be a subspace. This relationship highlights the fundamental property of subspaces, ensuring that it is not only closed under vector additions and scalar multiplications but also fully generated by its own vectors.
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