Shouldn't it be n-1 in the standard deviation since we are talking about trials? Question: Replicate water samples are analyzed for water hardness with the following results: 102.2, 102.8, 103.1, and 102.3 ppm CaCO3. Calculate (a) the standard deviation, (b) the relative standard deviation, (c) variance. Mean = (102.2 + 102.8 + 103.1 + 102.3) / 4 = 102.6Standard deviation = VE(Observed value - Mean)? / Number of data = V[(102.2 - 102.6)? + (102.8 - 102.6)? + (103.1 102.6)? + (102.3 - 102.6)'] /4= v (0.16 + 0.04 + 0.25 + 0.09) / 4 = 0.367Relative standard deviation = (Standard deviation / Mean) x 100 = (0.367 / 102.6) x 100 = 0.36Variance = E(Observed value - Mean)? / (Number of data - 1) = [(102.2 - 102.6)? + (102.8 - 102.6)2 + (103.1 102.6)? + (102.3 - 102.6)] / 3 = (0.16 + 0.04 + 0.25 + 0.09) /3 = 0.18

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Description: Shouldn't it be n-1 in the standard deviation since we are talking about trials? Question: Replicate water samples are analyzed for water hardness with the following results: 102.2, 102.8, 103.1, and 102.3 ppm CaCO3. Calculate (a) the standard deviat

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Shouldn't it be n-1 in the standard deviation since we are talking about trials?

Question: Replicate water samples are analyzed for water hardness with the following results: 102.2, 102.8, 103.1, and 102.3 ppm CaCO3. Calculate (a) the standard deviation, (b) the relative standard deviation, (c) variance.

Mean = (102.2 + 102.8 + 103.1 + 102.3) / 4 = 102.6
Standard deviation = VE(Observed value - Mean)? / Number of data = V[(102.2 - 102.6)? + (102.8 - 102.6)? + (103.1 102.6)? + (102.3 - 102.6)'] /4
= v (0.16 + 0.04 + 0.25 + 0.09) / 4 = 0.367
Relative standard deviation = (Standard deviation / Mean) x 100 = (0.367 / 102.6) x 100 = 0.36
Variance = E(Observed value - Mean)? / (Number of data - 1) = [(102.2 - 102.6)? + (102.8 - 102.6)2 + (103.1 102.6)? + (102.3 - 102.6)] / 3 = (0.16 + 0.04 + 0.25 + 0.09) /3 = 0.18

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