Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:Part 3: Reconstructing evolutionary history
Below is a phylogeny for six groups of placental mammals (Eutheria) from the Tree of Life website
(http://tolweb.org/tree/)
Artiodactyla (pigs, deer, cattle, goats)
Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Perissodactyla (horses, tapirs, rhinos)
Hyracoidea (hyraxes, dassies)
Sirenia (manatees, dugong, sea cows)
Proboscidea (elephants, mammoths)
Both the Cetacea and Sirenia are aquatic members of the Eutheria. All of their close relatives are
terrestrial. We generally assume that the common ancestor of these groups was terrestrial (T) and that
being aquatic (A) is a derived trait that evolved just twice (i.e. there were 2 independent changes from
T→A).
a) To the right of each taxon, write a T beside terrestrial taxa and an A beside aquatic taxa. I
b) Now let's assume that the most recent common ancestor of this group was aquatic (A). What is
the minimum number of changes (A→T and/or T→A) that could have resulted in the distribution
of traits we see today? Indicate these changes on your tree (or in an attached photo) and indicate
the total number of changes below.
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