Serviceability limit state is the critical criterion for the design of a square footing on the soil profile shown in Figure Q-c. The groundwater level is 3 m below the ground surface, but is expected to seasonally rise to the surface. The applied loading will cause a vertical stress increase at the center of the clay layer of 15 kPa. Calculate the consolidation settlement of the clay.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.