Sequence A AC GAATTC (EcoRI) NNNN... Sequence Probability Calculation Length 1 2 6 n 1/4 = (1/4)¹= 0.25 1/4*4 = (1/4)2 = 0.0625 1/4*14*14*14*14*1/4 = (1/4)6 = 2.44 x 10-4 14*14*14*... (1/4) Predicted Occurrence in a Sequence the Length of the Human Genome (3,234,830,000 bases) 808,707,500 202,176,875 89,753 (1/4)n* 3,234,830,000 Focus questions A. What is the probability that any base in a sequence is an adenine, A? How many times do you expect to find adenine in the human genome? P(A)= .25 808,707,500 times = expected occurrance of A B. What is the probability of finding a particular two-base sequence? How many times do you expect to find that sequence in the human genome? P(2-base seq) = . 0625 202, 176,875 times = expected occurrance of sequence C. How many times would you expect to find an EcoRI cut site in a fragment of DNA 1,000,000 base pairs long?
Sequence A AC GAATTC (EcoRI) NNNN... Sequence Probability Calculation Length 1 2 6 n 1/4 = (1/4)¹= 0.25 1/4*4 = (1/4)2 = 0.0625 1/4*14*14*14*14*1/4 = (1/4)6 = 2.44 x 10-4 14*14*14*... (1/4) Predicted Occurrence in a Sequence the Length of the Human Genome (3,234,830,000 bases) 808,707,500 202,176,875 89,753 (1/4)n* 3,234,830,000 Focus questions A. What is the probability that any base in a sequence is an adenine, A? How many times do you expect to find adenine in the human genome? P(A)= .25 808,707,500 times = expected occurrance of A B. What is the probability of finding a particular two-base sequence? How many times do you expect to find that sequence in the human genome? P(2-base seq) = . 0625 202, 176,875 times = expected occurrance of sequence C. How many times would you expect to find an EcoRI cut site in a fragment of DNA 1,000,000 base pairs long?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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![### Sequence Probability and Occurrence in the Human Genome
#### Table: Probability and Predicted Occurrences for DNA Sequences
| Sequence | Sequence Length | Probability Calculation | Predicted Occurrence in a Sequence the Length of the Human Genome (3,234,830,000 bases) |
|----------|-----------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| A | 1 | ¼ = (1/4)¹ = 0.25 | 808,707,500 |
| AC | 2 | ¼ * ¼ = (1/4)² = 0.0625 | 202,176,875 |
| GAATTC (EcoRI) | 6 | ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ¼ = (1/4)⁶ = 2.44 x 10⁻⁴ | 89,753 |
| NNNN... | n | ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ... = (1/4)ⁿ| (1/4)ⁿ * 3,234,830,000 |
---
### Focus Questions:
**A. What is the probability that any base in a sequence is an adenine (A)? How many times do you expect to find adenine in the human genome?**
\[ P(\text{A}) = 0.25 \]
Expected occurrence of adenine in the human genome:
\[ 808,707,500 \text{ times} = \text{expected occurrence of A} \]
**B. What is the probability of finding a particular two-base sequence (e.g., AC)? How many times do you expect to find that sequence in the human genome?**
\[ P(\text{2-base sequence}) = 0.0625 \]
Expected occurrence of a particular two-base sequence in the human genome:
\[ 202,176,875 \text{ times} = \text{expected occurrence of sequence} \]
**C. How many times would you expect to find an EcoRI cut site (GAATTC) in a fragment of DNA 1,000,000 base pairs long?**
From the table, the predicted occurrence of GAATTC (EcoRI) in the entire human genome is 89,753. Given the detailed probability calculation for GAATTC:
\[ P(\text{EcoRI cut site})](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc62819af-1f81-4d59-bfb3-1ca1702855ed%2F074b24cd-7180-4425-a278-5a1c01dcd298%2F1nvvcfg_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Sequence Probability and Occurrence in the Human Genome
#### Table: Probability and Predicted Occurrences for DNA Sequences
| Sequence | Sequence Length | Probability Calculation | Predicted Occurrence in a Sequence the Length of the Human Genome (3,234,830,000 bases) |
|----------|-----------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| A | 1 | ¼ = (1/4)¹ = 0.25 | 808,707,500 |
| AC | 2 | ¼ * ¼ = (1/4)² = 0.0625 | 202,176,875 |
| GAATTC (EcoRI) | 6 | ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ¼ = (1/4)⁶ = 2.44 x 10⁻⁴ | 89,753 |
| NNNN... | n | ¼ * ¼ * ¼ * ... = (1/4)ⁿ| (1/4)ⁿ * 3,234,830,000 |
---
### Focus Questions:
**A. What is the probability that any base in a sequence is an adenine (A)? How many times do you expect to find adenine in the human genome?**
\[ P(\text{A}) = 0.25 \]
Expected occurrence of adenine in the human genome:
\[ 808,707,500 \text{ times} = \text{expected occurrence of A} \]
**B. What is the probability of finding a particular two-base sequence (e.g., AC)? How many times do you expect to find that sequence in the human genome?**
\[ P(\text{2-base sequence}) = 0.0625 \]
Expected occurrence of a particular two-base sequence in the human genome:
\[ 202,176,875 \text{ times} = \text{expected occurrence of sequence} \]
**C. How many times would you expect to find an EcoRI cut site (GAATTC) in a fragment of DNA 1,000,000 base pairs long?**
From the table, the predicted occurrence of GAATTC (EcoRI) in the entire human genome is 89,753. Given the detailed probability calculation for GAATTC:
\[ P(\text{EcoRI cut site})
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