Scenario The government of the island nation of Autarka has become increasingly concerned about the health and wellbeing of low-income households. Medical experts stress the importance of a healthy diet in this regard. They have determined that, ideally, a household would consume at least 10kg of fresh fruit and vegetables each week. The government has proposed implementing a new voucher scheme to ensure that the 10kg per week consumption target is met. Under the government’s proposal, the vouchers would be redeemable for fresh fruit and vegetables, but could not be used for other types of food, or for non-food consumption. Moreover, to limit the cost of the voucher scheme, the value of the vouchers sent to a household would be linked to the household’s income. Community groups in Autarka have expressed concern that a voucher scheme is unnecessarily paternalistic; depriving low-income households of the choice of how to spend their income. These groups argue that the government’s consumption targets could be met just as well using transfers (monetary payments from the government to the low-income households). Transfers, they argue, would empower low-income households to make their own consumption decisions. Task Your task is to determine the optimal voucher value as a function of household income. The voucher must implement the government’s target of 10kg of fresh fruit and vegetables consumed per week while minimising the cost of the vouchers to the government. You are also to assess the community groups’ claim that a transfer scheme would implement the government’s targets just as well. Do you think that the community groups are motivated by the health outcomes associated with a good diet? Or might they have another objective? Household preferences Using data from household surveys, you have determined that the ‘typical’ household’s preferences are represented by the utility function, U = (x + 36)y , where x represents the quantity of fruit and vegetables consumed, and y represents the quantity of the composite good consumed. The associate marginal utilities are, MUx=y and MUy=x+36. The price of fruit and vegetables is Px = $12 per kg, and the price of the composite good is normalised to Py = 1. QUESTIONS: 1. Find the household's demands for `fruit and vegetables', and for the composite good, as functions of the household's weekly income I. Hint: There is a critical income level below which the household's optimal consumption basket is a corner solution.
Scenario
The government of the island nation of Autarka has become increasingly concerned about the health and wellbeing of low-income households. Medical experts stress the importance of a healthy diet in this regard. They have determined that, ideally, a household would consume at least 10kg of fresh fruit and vegetables each week.
The government has proposed implementing a new voucher scheme to ensure that the 10kg per week consumption target is met. Under the government’s proposal, the vouchers would be redeemable for fresh fruit and vegetables, but could not be used for other types of food, or for non-food consumption. Moreover, to limit the cost of the voucher scheme, the value of the vouchers sent to a household would be linked to the household’s income.
Community groups in Autarka have expressed concern that a voucher scheme is unnecessarily paternalistic; depriving low-income households of the choice of how to spend their income. These groups argue that the government’s consumption targets could be met just as well using transfers (monetary payments from the government to the low-income households). Transfers, they argue, would empower low-income households to make their own consumption decisions.
Task
Your task is to determine the optimal voucher value as a function of household income. The voucher must implement the government’s target of 10kg of fresh fruit and vegetables consumed per week while minimising the cost of the vouchers to the government. You are also to assess the community groups’ claim that a transfer scheme would implement the government’s targets just as well. Do you think that the community groups are motivated by the health outcomes associated with a good diet? Or might they have another objective?
Household preferences
Using data from household surveys, you have determined that the ‘typical’ household’s preferences are represented by the utility function,
U = (x + 36)y ,
where x represents the quantity of fruit and vegetables consumed, and y represents the
quantity of the composite good consumed. The associate
The price of fruit and vegetables is Px = $12 per kg, and the price of the composite good is normalised to Py = 1.
QUESTIONS:
1. Find the household's demands for `fruit and vegetables', and for the composite good, as functions of the household's weekly income I. Hint: There is a critical income level below which the household's optimal consumption basket is a corner solution.
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