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Safety function: Identifier: Failures/demand: Initiating event loss of cooling 1 occurrence/yr. High-temp Operator Operator High-temp Operator shutdown shuts down alarm alerts operator notices high temp B 0.01 0.99 0.01 с 0.25 0.00750 restarts cooling D 0.25 0.2475 0.001875 E 0.01 0.002475 0.00001875 reactor F 0.1 A 0.7425 AD 0.2450 ADE 0.002228 ADEF 0.0002475 AB 0.005625 ABD 0.001856 ABDE 0.00001688 ABDEF 0.000001875 ABC 0.001875 Result Continue operation Shut down Shut down Runaway Continue operation Shut down Shut down Runaway Continue operation

Safety function: Identifier: Failures/demand: Initiating event loss of cooling 1 occurrence/yr. High-temp Operator Operator High-temp Operator shutdown shuts down alarm alerts operator notices high temp B 0.01 0.99 0.01 с 0.25 0.00750 restarts cooling D 0.25 0.2475 0.001875 E 0.01 0.002475 0.00001875 reactor F 0.1 A 0.7425 AD 0.2450 ADE 0.002228 ADEF 0.0002475 AB 0.005625 ABD 0.001856 ABDE 0.00001688 ABDEF 0.000001875 ABC 0.001875 Result Continue operation Shut down Shut down Runaway Continue operation Shut down Shut down Runaway Continue operation

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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modify the event tree of the figure to determine the runaways per year if the loss of cooling initiating event is reduced to 0.80 occurrence per year

 

The diagram is a decision tree model used to evaluate the safety functions of a reactor system in response to a loss of cooling event, which occurs once per year. The tree illustrates various outcomes based on the effectiveness of safety functions and their respective failure probabilities. **Safety Functions:** - **B: High-temp alarm alerts operator** (Failure rate: 0.01) - **C: Operator notices high temp** (Failure rate: 0.25) - **D: Operator restarts cooling** (Failure rate: 0.25) - **E: High-temp shutdown** (Failure rate: 0.01) - **F: Operator shuts down reactor** **Branches of the Decision Tree:** 1. **Branch A (0.99 probability)**: The cooling system operates normally. - Results in "Continue operation." 2. **Branch leading to A (0.2475 probability)**: Leads to three sub-scenarios: - Shutdown by high-temp alert (0.2450), restarting cooling (0.002228), or after high-temp shutdown (0.0002475). 3. **Branch from 0.01 inability**: Subdivides into sub-branches with various failure combinations: - **AB (0.00750)** and continuation pathways ending with: - "Continue operation" (normal operations restored). - "Shut down" processes. - "Runaway" (uncontrolled situation) if multiple failures align. **Outcomes:** - **Shutdown**: Aggregated probability of 0.2475 occurrences/year. - **Runaway**: Very low total probability of 0.0002500 occurrences/year. This model helps understand how various systems' components act together under stressful conditions, influencing the operational safety and risk management of the reactor system.
Transcribed Image Text:The diagram is a decision tree model used to evaluate the safety functions of a reactor system in response to a loss of cooling event, which occurs once per year. The tree illustrates various outcomes based on the effectiveness of safety functions and their respective failure probabilities. **Safety Functions:** - **B: High-temp alarm alerts operator** (Failure rate: 0.01) - **C: Operator notices high temp** (Failure rate: 0.25) - **D: Operator restarts cooling** (Failure rate: 0.25) - **E: High-temp shutdown** (Failure rate: 0.01) - **F: Operator shuts down reactor** **Branches of the Decision Tree:** 1. **Branch A (0.99 probability)**: The cooling system operates normally. - Results in "Continue operation." 2. **Branch leading to A (0.2475 probability)**: Leads to three sub-scenarios: - Shutdown by high-temp alert (0.2450), restarting cooling (0.002228), or after high-temp shutdown (0.0002475). 3. **Branch from 0.01 inability**: Subdivides into sub-branches with various failure combinations: - **AB (0.00750)** and continuation pathways ending with: - "Continue operation" (normal operations restored). - "Shut down" processes. - "Runaway" (uncontrolled situation) if multiple failures align. **Outcomes:** - **Shutdown**: Aggregated probability of 0.2475 occurrences/year. - **Runaway**: Very low total probability of 0.0002500 occurrences/year. This model helps understand how various systems' components act together under stressful conditions, influencing the operational safety and risk management of the reactor system.
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