S4) Review the survival curve shown for a hypothetical study comparing the effects of two treatments(Treatment A and Treatment B), with survival measured in days1.00a) What is the approximate 500-day cumulative survivalfor each group?Treatment A:Treatment B:b) What is the approximate median survival time?Treatment A:Treatment B:c) What is the approximate 2-year cumulative survivalfor each group?Treatment A:Treatment B:d) At what approximate time does cumulative mortality reach 25% for each group?Treatment A:Treatment B:Survival probability0.75-0.50-0.250.000250Treatment ATreatment B500Time(days)7501000

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Advanced Engineering Mathematics

10th Edition

ISBN:9780470458365

Author:Erwin Kreyszig

Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig

Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes

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Aspirin III: Decision and Conclusion Regarding the experiment in the data frame Aspirin from the abd package, the researchers wanted to know whether or not taking aspirin affects one's risk of developing cancer. Recall that they defined their parameters as follows: p1 = the proportion of ALL individuals who would develop cancer, if all of them were to take aspirin like the subjects in the Aspirin group did. p2 = the proportion of ALL individuals who would develop cancer, if all of them were to take a placebo, like the subjects in the placebo group did. They ran the code for a two-sided significance test and got the following results: ## ## ## Inferential Procedures for the Difference of Two Proportions p1-p2:## cancer grouped by treatment ## ## ## Descriptive Results:## ## yes n estimated.prop## Aspirin 1438 19934 0.07214## Placebo 1427 19942 0.07156## ## ## Inferential Results:## ## Estimate of p1-p2: 0.0005805 ## SE(p1.hat - p2.hat): 0.002586 ## ##…
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Peanut Jar Data: 11.94 11.74 12.25 11.32 11.85 11.86 11.59 12.15 11.76 11.55 12.31 12.59
Do single-parent families tend to be more impoverished than families with two parents? In order to test if there is a relationship between family structure and family income level, family researcher studied a sample of 35 one-parent and 65 two-parent families in a particular city to determine whether their total family income fell below the poverty level. _________________________Family Structure____________________________ Total family Income One Parent Two Parents TOTAL Below poverty level 24 20 44 Not Below Poverty Level 11 45 56 Total 35 65 100 What are the independent and dependent variables.? What is the null hypothesis? What test should we use?…
A survey collects demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and health-related information on an annual basis. Here is a sample of 20 observations on HDL cholesterol level (mg/dl) obtained from the survey (HDL is "good" cholesterol; the higher its value, the lower the risk for heart disease). 36 46 38 48 51 53 66 50 50 85 37 45 32 38 44 62 94 34 29 47 (a) Calculate a point estimate (in mg/dl) of the population mean HDL cholesterol level. 49.5 mg/dl (b) Making no assumptions about the shape of the population distribution, calculate a point estimate (in mg/dl) of the value that separates the largest 50% of HDL levels from the smallest 50%. 44 X mg/dl (c) Calculate a point estimate (in mg/dl) of the population standard deviation. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) 18.46 X mg/dl (d) An HDL level of at least 60 is considered desirable as it corresponds to a significantly lower risk of heart disease. Making no assumptions about the shape of the population distribution, estimate the…
1. The data in Table 7–6 were collected in a clinical trial to evaluate a new compound designed to improve wound healing in trauma patients. The new compound was com- pared against a placebo. After treatment for 5 days with the new compound or placebo, the extent of wound healing was measured. Is there a difference in the extent of wound healing between the treatments? (Hint: Are treatment and the percent wound healing independent?) Run the appropriate test at a 5% level of significance. Use the data in Problem 1. Pool the data across the treatments into one sample of size n = 250. Use the pooled data to test whether the distribution of the percent wound healing is approximately normal. Specifically, use the following distribution 30%, 40%, 20%, and 10% and a = 0.05 to run the appropriate test. Percent Wound Healing Treatment 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% New compound (n=125) 15 37 32 41 Placebo (n=125) 36 45 34 10
Do single-parent families tend to be more impoverished than families with two parents? In order to test if there is a relationship between family structure and family income level, family researcher studied a sample of 35 one-parent and 65 two-parent families in a particular city to determine whether their total family income fell below the poverty level. _________________________Family Structure____________________________ Total family Income One Parent Two Parents TOTAL Below poverty level 24 20 44 Not Below Poverty Level 11 45 56 Total 35 65 100 What are the independent and dependent variables.? What is the null hypothesis? What test should we use?…
Case scenario: A cohort study involved an assessment of the relationship between cigarette smoking and incuof lung cancer. For cigarette smokers, the lung cancer incidence rate was Iexp = 200 per 100,000. For nonsmokers, the lung cancer incidence rate was Iunexp = 25 per 100,000. The lung cancer incidence rate in the entire population was Itotal = 100 per 100,000. A) what is the relative risk (risk ratio) of developing lung cancer? Interpret this value in plain language? B) calculate the attributable risk and interpret this value in plain language? C) calculate the attributable-risk percent and interpret this value in plain language? D) is cigarette smoking a risk factor for lung cancer? Explain your answer. E) Hypothetically speaking, if cigarette smoking could be eliminated from this population, what percentage of lung cancer could be avoided?
Pulmonary Disease A study was performed looking at the effect of mean ozone exposure on change in pulmonary function. Fifty hikers were recruited into the study; 25 study participants hiked on days with low-ozone exposure, and 25 hiked on days with high-ozone exposure. The change in pulmonary function after a 4-hour hike was recorded for each participant. The results are given in the table below. (Let population 1 be high-ozone exposure and population 2 be low-ozone exposure. Use high-low.) Comparison of change in FEV on high-ozone vs. low-ozone days Ozone level Mean change in FEV* High H₁: Low USE SALT 0.102 0.049 sd 0.254 25 0.105 25 (a) What test can be used to determine whether the mean change in FEV differs between the high-ozone and low-ozone days? (You may need to use the Distribution Calculators page in SALT to check conditions.) O paired t test O F test for the equality of two variances O two-sample t test for independent samples with equal variances O two-sample t test for…
5. An article in Agricultural Engineering (December 1964, pp. 672-673) described an experiment in which the daily weight gain of swine is evaluated at different levels of housing temperature. The mean weight of each group of swine at the start of the experiment is considered to be a nuisance factor. The data from this experiment are as follows: Mean Weight (lbs) Housing Air Temperatures (°F) 100 50 60 70 80 90 1.37 1.58 2.00 1.97 1.40 100 0.39 150 1.47 1.75 2.16 1.82 1.14 -0.19 200 1.19 1.91 2.22 1.67 0.88 -0.77 Does housing air temperature affect mean weight gain at a = 0.05?

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