Do not use Ai 9:3:3:19:3:412:3:19:715:1 rsGiven the metabolic pathway illustrated below, in a cross between two doubleheterozygotes (i.e. AaBb x AaBb), the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspringwould beAdd a CDirection of MetabolismEnzyme A(product of allele A)Whitepigment"A" genotype"B" genotype"aabb" genotype(no functioningenzymes A or B)Enzyme B(product of allele B)White individualsNormalpigment"A_B_" genotype(both functioning enzymes)"A bb" genotype(functioning enzyme A only)"aa8" genotype(functioning enzyme B only)Purple individualsMediSave

The question is to predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring by cross breeding two double…

Answered: 9:3:3:1 9:3:4 12:3:1 9:7 15:1 rs Given…

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter5: The Inheritance Of Complex Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8QP: Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This defect is caused by a number of genes but appears...

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. The human IGF2 gene is autosomal and maternallyimprinted. Copies of the gene received from themother are not expressed, but copies received fromthe father are expressed. You have found two allelesof this gene that encode two different forms of theIGF2 protein distinguishable by gel electrophoresis.One allele encodes a 60K (Kilodalton) blood protein;the other allele encodes a 50K blood protein. In ananalysis of blood proteins from a couple named Billand Joan, you find only the 60K protein in Joan’sblood and only the 50K protein in Bill’s blood. Youthen look at their children: Jill is producing only the50K protein, while Bill Jr. is producing only the 60Kprotein.a. With these data alone, what can you say about theIGF2 genotype of Bill Sr. and Joan?b. Bill Jr. and a woman named Sara have two children, Pat and Tim. Pat produces only the 60K protein and Tim produces only the 50K protein. Withthe accumulated data, what can you now say aboutthe genotypes of Joan and Bill Sr.?
Null mutations are valuable genetic resources becausethey allow a researcher to determine what happens to anorganism in the complete absence of a particular protein. However, it is often not a trivial matter to determinewhether a mutation represents the null state of the gene.a. Geneticists sometimes use the following test forthe nullness of an allele in a diploid organism: If theabnormal phenotype seen in a homozygote for theallele is identical to that seen in a heterozygote(where one chromosome carries the allele in question and the homologous chromosome is known tobe completely deleted for the gene) then the alleleis null. What is the underlying rationale for thistest? What limitations might there be in interpreting such a result?b. Can you think of other methods to determinewhether an allele represents the null state of a particular gene?
. As we learned in this chapter, the white mutation ofDrosophila studied by Thomas Hunt Morgan isX-linked and recessive to wild type. When truebreeding white-eyed males carrying this mutationwere crossed with true-breeding purple-eyed females,all the F1 progeny had wild-type (red) eyes. When theF1 progeny were intercrossed, the F2 progeny emergedin the ratio 3/8 wild-type females: 1/4 white-eyedmales: 3/16 wild-type males: 1/8 purple-eyed females:1/16 purple-eyed males.a. Formulate a hypothesis to explain the inheritanceof these eye colors.b. Predict the F1 and F2 progeny if the parental crosswas reversed (that is, if the parental cross wasbetween true-breeding white-eyed females andtrue-breeding purple-eyed males).
question is attached
F1 hybrids between two species of cotton, Gossypium barbadenseand Gossypium hirsutum, are very vigorous plants. However, F1crosses produce many seeds that do not germinate and a high percentageof very weak F2 offspring. Suggest two reasons for theseobservations.
A maternal effect gene in Drosophila, called torso, is found as afunctional allele (torso+) and a nonfunctional, recessive allele(torso−) that prevents the correct development of anterior- andposterior-most structures. A wild-type male (torso+ torso+) is crossedto a female of unknown genotype. This mating produces 100% larvathat are missing their anterior- and posterior-most structures andtherefore die during early development. What is the genotype andphenotype of the female fly in this cross? What are the genotypesand phenotypes of the female fly’s parents?
. For several years, Hans Nachtsheim investigated an inherited anomaly of the white blood cells of rabbits. Thisanomaly, termed the Pelger anomaly, is the arrest ofthe segmentation of the nuclei of certain white cells. Thisanomaly does not appear to seriously burden the rabbits.a. When rabbits showing the Pelger anomaly were matedwith rabbits from a true-breeding normal stock,Nachtsheim counted 217 offspring showing the Pelgeranomaly and 237 normal progeny. What is the geneticbasis of the Pelger anomaly?b. When rabbits with the Pelger anomaly were matedwith each other, Nachtsheim found 223 normal progeny,439 with the Pelger anomaly, and 39 extremely abnormalprogeny. These very abnormal progeny not only haddefective white blood cells, but also showed severedeformities of the skeletal system; almost all of themdied soon after birth. In genetic terms, what do yousuppose these extremely defective rabbits represented?Why were there only 39 of them?c. What additional experimental evidence…
Questions 4 through 6 refer to the following hypothetical pathway in which substance A is converted to substance C by enzymes 1 and 2. Substance B is the intermediate produced in this pathway: a. If the first individual in Question 4 married the second individual, would their children be able to convert substance A into substance C? b. Suppose each of the adults mentioned in part a was heterozygous for an autosomal dominant mutation that prevents any enzyme function. List the phenotypes of their children with respect to compounds A, B, and C. (Would the compound be in excess, not present, and so on?)
Clubfoot is a common congenital birth defect. This defect is caused by a number of genes but appears to be phenotypically distributed in a noncontinuous fashion. Geneticists use the threshold model to explain the occurrence of this defect. Explain this model. Explain predisposition to the defect in an individual who has a genotypic liability above the threshold versus an individual who has a liability below the threshold.
Familial retinoblastoma, a rare autosomal dominant defect, arose in a large family that had no prior history of the disease. Consider the following pedigree (the darkly colored symbols represent affected individuals): a. Circle the individual(s) in which the mutation most likely occurred. b. Is the person who is the source of the mutation affected by retinoblastoma? Justify your answer. c. Assuming that the mutant allele is fully penetrant, what is the chance that an affected individual will have an affected child?
A cross between the F1 individual in Figure 21.6 and a plant with genotype B-I B-I will produce progeny with what phenotype?
Considering the genetics cross andobserved phenotypes pictured:a. Which genetic cross(es) led to themost number of healthy progeny?b. What type of model organism islikely being used in these experiments?c. Explain what is likely causing the embryonic lethality based on the observed percentages of embryoniclethality.d. What form of genetic material (maternal, paternal, or both) is leading to the embryonic lethalphenotype?e. Why do you think the second bar has the highest “n” number? What does the “n” value indicate?

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