Roof insulation: Insulation of the bare roof with 50 mm thick of polystyrene foam, roof area = 99m?, unit cost = $ 5.7 m'Einstallation cost is included} Overall heat transfer coefficient: for uninsulated roof Uou = (1.93 *1.83) W/m?.K, for insulated roof Unew = (0.53* 1.8) Wrm'K Winter heating degree days = I16l HOO, Summer coling degree days = Heat source : diesel boiler', Energy content of diesel = 97 kwhLiter Cooling Source : electric chiller è Power Plant uses Diesel fuel Boiler efficiency = 0.87, chiller COP = 185 #1.83 electric grid efficiency Cost of diesel = 0.46 $Liter, Cost of electricity = 0.0% $/kwh Discount "interest" rate = I %, analysis period'= \0 years Per I kwh of Diesel : cor emission = 0.271 kgrkwh, NO, emission = 0.57 grkwh, SOn emission= 0.86 grkwh = 1317 COD %3D = 33 % %3D a = 999 B = 1161 6 = 1317 o = 1.83 8 = || Item Value Unit Old site energy losses "Diese, heating Old site energy losses "Electric", cooling New site energy losses "Diesel", heating New site energy losses "Electric", cooling Annual site kWhryr kwhryr kwhyr kwhryr energy savings "Dieser"- kwhryr

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Mechanisms of heat transfer

Heat transfer is an essential discipline in thermal engineering that deals with the transfer, conversion, usability, and creation of heat or thermal energy. Transfer of heat occurs through various mechanisms like conduction, convection, radiation, and change of phases. All these mechanisms have distinct characteristics, but these mechanisms can simultaneously occur in an identical system.