[RHK Ch. 18, Problem 21] A siphon is a device for removing liquid from a container that is not to be tipped. It operates as shown. The tube must be initially filled, but once this has been done the liquid will flow until its level drops below the tube opening at A. The liquid has density p and negligible viscosity.
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
![**Siphon Physics Problem**
**Problem Statement**:
A siphon is a device for removing liquid from a container that is not to be tipped. It operates as shown in the diagram. The tube must be initially filled, but once this has been done the liquid will flow until its level drops below the tube opening at point A. The liquid has a density \( \rho \) and negligible viscosity.
**Questions:**
(a) With what speed does the liquid emerge from the tube at point C?
(b) What is the pressure in the liquid at the topmost point B?
(c) What is the greatest possible height \( h \), to which a siphon can lift water? [Hint: the pressure at the top cannot be less than zero.]
**Diagram Explanation:**
The diagram shows a siphon setup with a tube that extends from the container and arches above it. The tube has a starting point A, where it is submerged in the liquid, and ends at point C, where the liquid is expelled. The highest point of the tube is labeled B.
- **Key Heights/Distances:**
- \( h_1 \): The vertical height from A to B.
- \( h_2 \): The vertical height from C to the liquid level in the container.
- \( d \): The vertical distance from A to B.
This problem involves applying principles of fluid dynamics, such as Bernoulli's equation, to determine the speed of the liquid at C, the pressure at B, and the maximum lifting height of the siphon.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fca440243-7bda-4b46-9f7d-8d36d91ce325%2F3b22c6b8-8be2-4529-a045-b5d8f874bc8d%2Fk2ru606_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)

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