Review the concepts related to carcinogenesis, the types of malignancies and related terminology, and the different treatment modalities, including the use of cell cycle–nonspecific and miscellaneous antineoplastic drugs
Review the concepts related to carcinogenesis, the types of malignancies and related terminology, and the different treatment modalities, including the use of cell cycle–nonspecific and miscellaneous antineoplastic drugs
CARCINIGENESIS : also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells . The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division.
Concepts related to carcinogenesis - basically cancer is a disease of genes that control the proliferation , differentiation , and death of our cells . Cancer development is driven by the accumulation of DNA changes in about 300 of the approximately 30,000 human chromosomal genes . The key concepts associated with the biology of cancer are -
- growth
- proliferation
- differentiation
- regulatory mechanisms
Characteristics of benign and malignant cells and implications for diagnosis and assessment. Genetic, immunological and hormonal basis of cancer .
Two of the main types of genes that play a role in cancer are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes .
Types of malignancies - the process by which normal , healthy cells transform into cancer cells is termed carcinogenesis or oncogenesis . The development of a malignant tumour in otherwise healthy tissue is the result of a complex series of events beginning with a single cell that has acquired malignant properties through cellular damage .
The major types of cancer are carcinoma , sarcoma , melanoma , lymphoma and leukemia . Carcinomas - the most commonly diagnosed cancers - originate in the skin , lungs , breasts , pancreas and other organs and glands . Lymphomas are cancers of lymphocytes . Leukemia is cancer of the blood .
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