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REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 12 1. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of: a. An incidence rate b. An attributable risk c. A relative risk d. A prevalence risk e. A proportionate mortality ratio

REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 12 1. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of: a. An incidence rate b. An attributable risk c. A relative risk d. A prevalence risk e. A proportionate mortality ratio

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134753119
Author:Sheldon Ross
Publisher:Sheldon Ross
Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...
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Here i atteched the question. Plz solve leon gordis chapter 12

12:13 + + epidemiology_gord... 2 238 Section 2 USING EPIDEMIOLOGY TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSES OF DISEASE REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 12 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 12: LEVIN'S FORMULA FOR THE ATTRIBUTABLE RISK 1. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of: FOR THE TOTAL POPULATION Another way to calculate this proportion for the total population is to use Levin's formula': a. An incidence rate b. An attributable risk c. A relative risk d. A prevalence risk e. A proportionate mortality ratio p(r – 1) p(r -1)+1 where p is the proportion of the population with the characteristic or exposure and r is the relative risk (or odds ratio). Leviton has shown that Levin's formula' and the following formula are algebraically identical: Questions 2 and 3 refer to the following information: The results of a 10-year cohort study of smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) are shown below: Incidence in Incidence in (total population) (nonexposed group) Incidence in total population OUTCOME AFTER 10 YRS At Beginning of Study CHD CHD Did Not Developed Develop 2,000 Healthy 65 1,935 smokers 4,000 Healthy nonsmokers 20 3,980 2. The incidence of CHD in smokers that can be attributed to smoking is: 3. The proportion of the total incidence of CHD in smokers that is attributable to smoking is: Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following information: In a cohort study of smoking and lung cancer, the incidence of lung cancer among smokers was found to be 9/1,000 and the incidence among non- smokers was 1/1,000. From another source we know that 45% of the total population were smokers. 4. The incidence of lung cancer attributable to smoking in the total population is: 5. The proportion of the risk in the total popula- tion that is attributable to smoking is: Chapter 13 A Pause for Review: Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies is the situation where we start with a defined popu- lation in which the study population is selected on the basis of a factor not related to exposure, such as place of residence, and some members of the cohort become exposed and others are not exposed (Fig. 13-4). In a cohort study that starts with a defined population, it is possible to study multiple expo- sures. Thus, for example, in the Framingham Study, At this point in our discussion, we will pause to review some of the material that has been covered in Section 2. Because the presentation proceeds in a stepwise manner, it is important to understand what has been discussed thus far. First, let us compare the designs of cohort and case-control studies, as seen in Figure 13-1. The important point that distinguishes between the two
Transcribed Image Text:12:13 + + epidemiology_gord... 2 238 Section 2 USING EPIDEMIOLOGY TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSES OF DISEASE REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 12 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 12: LEVIN'S FORMULA FOR THE ATTRIBUTABLE RISK 1. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of: FOR THE TOTAL POPULATION Another way to calculate this proportion for the total population is to use Levin's formula': a. An incidence rate b. An attributable risk c. A relative risk d. A prevalence risk e. A proportionate mortality ratio p(r – 1) p(r -1)+1 where p is the proportion of the population with the characteristic or exposure and r is the relative risk (or odds ratio). Leviton has shown that Levin's formula' and the following formula are algebraically identical: Questions 2 and 3 refer to the following information: The results of a 10-year cohort study of smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) are shown below: Incidence in Incidence in (total population) (nonexposed group) Incidence in total population OUTCOME AFTER 10 YRS At Beginning of Study CHD CHD Did Not Developed Develop 2,000 Healthy 65 1,935 smokers 4,000 Healthy nonsmokers 20 3,980 2. The incidence of CHD in smokers that can be attributed to smoking is: 3. The proportion of the total incidence of CHD in smokers that is attributable to smoking is: Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following information: In a cohort study of smoking and lung cancer, the incidence of lung cancer among smokers was found to be 9/1,000 and the incidence among non- smokers was 1/1,000. From another source we know that 45% of the total population were smokers. 4. The incidence of lung cancer attributable to smoking in the total population is: 5. The proportion of the risk in the total popula- tion that is attributable to smoking is: Chapter 13 A Pause for Review: Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies is the situation where we start with a defined popu- lation in which the study population is selected on the basis of a factor not related to exposure, such as place of residence, and some members of the cohort become exposed and others are not exposed (Fig. 13-4). In a cohort study that starts with a defined population, it is possible to study multiple expo- sures. Thus, for example, in the Framingham Study, At this point in our discussion, we will pause to review some of the material that has been covered in Section 2. Because the presentation proceeds in a stepwise manner, it is important to understand what has been discussed thus far. First, let us compare the designs of cohort and case-control studies, as seen in Figure 13-1. The important point that distinguishes between the two
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