Researchers studying the link between prenatal vitamin use and autism surveyed the mothers of a random sample of children aged 24-60 months with autism and conducted another separate random sample for children with typical development. The table below shows the number of mothers in each group who did and did not use prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy (periconceptional period). (Use a significance level of 0.05. Use py - PNy) Autism Autism Typical development Total Periconceptional No vitamin prenatal vitamin Vitamin 112 74 186 141 158 299 Total 253 232 485 (a) State appropriate hypotheses to test for a difference in the rates of autism of children of mothers who did use prenatal vitamins during the first three months before pregnancy and the rates of autism of children of mothers who did not use prenatal vitamins during the first three months before pregnancy. O Ho: Py S PNV H: Py > PNV O Ho: Py > PNV Ha: Py S PNV O Ho: Py s PNV HA: Py* PNV O Ho: Py- PNV HA: Py * PNV O Ho: Pv* PNv Ha: Py - PNV (b) Complete the hypothesis test and state an appropriate conclusion. Check the relevant conditions. The sample is vy random and the sample represents less than vv 10% of all mothers of autistic children and mothers of children with a typical development. Therefore whether or not one mother in the sample vv independent of another. The success-failure condition is took prenatal vitamins in the three months before pregnancy is met since the number of successes and failures is greater than v 10. Calculate the test statistic and determine the p-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your p-value to four decimal places.) p-value =

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### Study on Prenatal Vitamin Use and Autism

Researchers studying the link between prenatal vitamin use and autism surveyed the mothers of a random sample of children aged 24-60 months with autism and conducted another separate random sample for children with typical development. The table below shows the number of mothers in each group who did and did not use prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy (periconceptional period). (Use a significance level of 0.05. Use \(\hat{p}_V - \hat{p}_{NV}\))

#### Summary of Data

| Autism Status      | Autism | Typical Development | Total |
|--------------------|--------|---------------------|-------|
| **No vitamin**     | 112    | 74                  | 186   |
| **Vitamin**        | 141    | 158                 | 299   |
| **Total**          | 253    | 232                 | 485   |

#### Hypothesis Testing

1. **State appropriate hypotheses to test for a difference in the rates of autism of children of mothers who did use prenatal vitamins during the first three months before pregnancy and the rates of autism of children of mothers who did not use prenatal vitamins during the first three months before pregnancy.**

    We will test the following hypotheses:

    - \(H_0\): \(P_V = P_{NV}\)
    - \(H_A\): \(P_V \ne P_{NV}\)

2. **Complete the hypothesis test and state an appropriate conclusion.**

    - **Check the relevant conditions:**

        - The sample **is** random and the sample represents **less than 10%** of all mothers of autistic children and mothers of children with a typical development. Therefore, whether or not one mother in the sample took prenatal vitamins in the three months before pregnancy **is** independent of another.
        - The success-failure condition **is** met since the number of successes and failures is **greater than 10**.

    - **Calculate the test statistic and determine the p-value:** (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your p-value to four decimal places.)

        - \( z = \_\_\_ \)
        - \( \text{p-value} = \_\_\_\_ \)

By following the steps detailed above, we can properly test the hypothesis and draw a conclusion about the relationship between prenatal vitamin use during the periconceptional period and rates of autism.
Transcribed Image Text:### Study on Prenatal Vitamin Use and Autism Researchers studying the link between prenatal vitamin use and autism surveyed the mothers of a random sample of children aged 24-60 months with autism and conducted another separate random sample for children with typical development. The table below shows the number of mothers in each group who did and did not use prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy (periconceptional period). (Use a significance level of 0.05. Use \(\hat{p}_V - \hat{p}_{NV}\)) #### Summary of Data | Autism Status | Autism | Typical Development | Total | |--------------------|--------|---------------------|-------| | **No vitamin** | 112 | 74 | 186 | | **Vitamin** | 141 | 158 | 299 | | **Total** | 253 | 232 | 485 | #### Hypothesis Testing 1. **State appropriate hypotheses to test for a difference in the rates of autism of children of mothers who did use prenatal vitamins during the first three months before pregnancy and the rates of autism of children of mothers who did not use prenatal vitamins during the first three months before pregnancy.** We will test the following hypotheses: - \(H_0\): \(P_V = P_{NV}\) - \(H_A\): \(P_V \ne P_{NV}\) 2. **Complete the hypothesis test and state an appropriate conclusion.** - **Check the relevant conditions:** - The sample **is** random and the sample represents **less than 10%** of all mothers of autistic children and mothers of children with a typical development. Therefore, whether or not one mother in the sample took prenatal vitamins in the three months before pregnancy **is** independent of another. - The success-failure condition **is** met since the number of successes and failures is **greater than 10**. - **Calculate the test statistic and determine the p-value:** (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your p-value to four decimal places.) - \( z = \_\_\_ \) - \( \text{p-value} = \_\_\_\_ \) By following the steps detailed above, we can properly test the hypothesis and draw a conclusion about the relationship between prenatal vitamin use during the periconceptional period and rates of autism.
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