Help Certainly! Below is the transcription of the table and accompanying text suitable for an educational website:---**Research Task: Plant Pathogens**Research two of the following fungal or oomycete plant pathogens: *Fusarium oxysporum*, *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*, *Neopestalotiopsis rosea*, and *Phytophthora cactorum*. Then, complete the table below. If there are more than one host, **bold** the host that you will describe symptoms and management practices for. Pictures of the growth of these organisms on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and the cells are found in the lecture presentation.| **Organism** | **Host(s)** | **Symptoms** | **Signs** | **Colony morphology** | **Cell morphology** | **Management practices** ||---------------------------------|-------------|--------------|-----------|------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------|| *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* | | | | | | || *Phytophthora cactorum* | | | | | | |---**Instructions for Completion:**- Research the selected pathogens and complete the empty fields in the table.- Use bold formatting for the host(s) if describing for multiple hosts.- Refer to the lecture presentation for images of growth on PDA and cell morphology.---This table is designed for organizing research findings on specific plant pathogens, which is crucial for understanding their impact and management in agriculture.

The causative agent of majority of plant diseases are fungal pathogens but some diseases are also caused by bacterial and viral pathogens. The sign of a plant disease reflects the physical evidence for the presence of pathogens like the fruiting bodies or exudates containing the pathogen. The symptoms are visible changes seen on the plant body due to the disease caused by the pathogen. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Phytophthora cactorum Host Citrus, papaya, eggplant, coffee, tomato, sweet pepper, avocado, and yam It infects fruit crops, ornamentals, and trees. The Apple orchards are also infected by this fungal pathogen Symptoms It causes postharvest and preharvest diseases. The preharvest disease of citrus include tear stain, stem-end rot of fruits, and wither-tip of twigs. The anthracnose disease in citrus is a post-harvest disease caused by this fungal pathogen. Brown or black lesions are observed on fruits, the infected leaves exhibit abnormal pattern and coloration. The infected stems show discoloration and dieback, cankers are visible on the stem. It causes crown rots and root rots in apple orchards. The reduction in leaf number and size is seen, dieback of branches, and chlorosis is also observed. The root and phloem functions are impaired, foliar disorder, stunting of tree also occur. The death of the infected plant can occur after some years. Signs Resinosis and gummosis is seen on infected stems. Pinkish pinhead structures called acervuli are formed during fungal sporulation. These acervuli are formed in concentric pattern surrounding the necrotic tissue. The fruiting bodies are visible as black flecks in the affected tissue. Oozing cankers are the signs observed in apple trees. Colony morphology The colonies consist of cottony mycelium that is creamy, white, or pale gray and sparsely located. Bright orange colored acervuli and abundant setae are observed. The colony morphology is less defined with petaloid colonies. The growth of submerged and above surface mycelium occurs in approximately equal quantity. The coenocytic hyphae are irregularly shaped with slight swellings that occur randomly. Cell morphology The conidia are sub-cylindrical with rounded ends and are hyaline. The conidiophores are branched having sub-cylindrical conidiogenous cells. The setae have septum and are brown colored with slightly pale apex. Sporangia are terminal with pear-like shape and they are located on short pedicels. The papillae of the sporangia are prominent. The pedicels can be simple and well-spaced or may be clustered and have a sympodial arrangement. Chlamydospores may be formed at the tip of generative hyphae or may be intercalary. Management practices Fungicides should be applied after harvesting and during early stages of flowering, the timely pruning of the affected plant parts should be done, disease free seeds and healthy transplants should be used, resistant varieties should be planted, seeds should be given hot-water treatment prior to sowing. Soil fumigation and appropriate culture control methods should be used for disease management. Chemical control of the disease can be done with the use of etridiazole, metalaxyl, fosetyl-AI. The pathogen transmits through wounds and cuts; therefore, sanitation and prevention are crucial. The infection can be prevented by growing plants on elevated grounds. Proper drainage of soil and low pH (potential of hydrogen) helps in the reduction of disease risk.