Referring to Table 1, the among-group (between-group) mean squares is O 1) 70.8. 2) 212.4. 3) 637.2. 4) 8.525.

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### Referring to Table 1, the among-group (between-group) mean squares is

1) 70.8.
2) 212.4.
3) 637.2.
4) 8.525.

In this multiple-choice question, students are asked to identify the among-group (between-group) mean squares from data presented in Table 1. The correct answer is indicated by a blue circle highlighting the first option, 70.8.
Transcribed Image Text:### Referring to Table 1, the among-group (between-group) mean squares is 1) 70.8. 2) 212.4. 3) 637.2. 4) 8.525. In this multiple-choice question, students are asked to identify the among-group (between-group) mean squares from data presented in Table 1. The correct answer is indicated by a blue circle highlighting the first option, 70.8.
### TABLE 1

**Experiment Description:**

An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system. Four software packages (1, 2, 3, and 4) are commercially available. The airline will choose the package that bumps as few passengers as possible during a month. An experiment is set up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks. (A total of 20 weeks was included in the experiment.) The number of passengers bumped each week is obtained, which gives rise to the following Excel output:

**ANOVA Summary Table:**

| Source of Variation | SS   | df | MS       | F        | P-value  | F crit   |
|---------------------|------|----|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| Between Groups      | 212.4| 3  | 8.304985 | 0.001474 | 3.238867 |
| Within Groups       | 136.4| 8.525 |          |          |          |
| Total               | 348.8|    |          |          |          |

**Explanation of Terms:**

- **SS (Sum of Squares):** Measures the total variability in the data.
  - **Between Groups:** Variability due to the interaction between different software packages.
  - **Within Groups:** Variability within the groups designated by different software packages.
  - **Total:** Combined variability from both between and within groups.

- **df (Degrees of Freedom):** Reflects the number of independent values that can vary in the analysis.
  - **Between Groups:** Number of software packages minus one.
  - **Within Groups:** Total number of observations minus the number of groups.

- **MS (Mean Square):** Average of the squared deviations.
  - **Between Groups:** Sum of Squares Between Groups divided by the Degrees of Freedom Between Groups.
  - **Within Groups:** Sum of Squares Within Groups divided by the Degrees of Freedom Within Groups.

- **F (F-statistic):** Ratio of Mean Square Between Groups to Mean Square Within Groups.
- **P-value:** Probability that the observed results occurred by chance. In this context, a P-value of 0.001474 suggests strong evidence against the null hypothesis (which assumes no difference between software packages).
- **F crit:** F critical value at a specific significance level (usually 0.05 or 5%). If the calculated F-value
Transcribed Image Text:### TABLE 1 **Experiment Description:** An airline wants to select a computer software package for its reservation system. Four software packages (1, 2, 3, and 4) are commercially available. The airline will choose the package that bumps as few passengers as possible during a month. An experiment is set up in which each package is used to make reservations for 5 randomly selected weeks. (A total of 20 weeks was included in the experiment.) The number of passengers bumped each week is obtained, which gives rise to the following Excel output: **ANOVA Summary Table:** | Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | P-value | F crit | |---------------------|------|----|----------|----------|----------|----------| | Between Groups | 212.4| 3 | 8.304985 | 0.001474 | 3.238867 | | Within Groups | 136.4| 8.525 | | | | | Total | 348.8| | | | | **Explanation of Terms:** - **SS (Sum of Squares):** Measures the total variability in the data. - **Between Groups:** Variability due to the interaction between different software packages. - **Within Groups:** Variability within the groups designated by different software packages. - **Total:** Combined variability from both between and within groups. - **df (Degrees of Freedom):** Reflects the number of independent values that can vary in the analysis. - **Between Groups:** Number of software packages minus one. - **Within Groups:** Total number of observations minus the number of groups. - **MS (Mean Square):** Average of the squared deviations. - **Between Groups:** Sum of Squares Between Groups divided by the Degrees of Freedom Between Groups. - **Within Groups:** Sum of Squares Within Groups divided by the Degrees of Freedom Within Groups. - **F (F-statistic):** Ratio of Mean Square Between Groups to Mean Square Within Groups. - **P-value:** Probability that the observed results occurred by chance. In this context, a P-value of 0.001474 suggests strong evidence against the null hypothesis (which assumes no difference between software packages). - **F crit:** F critical value at a specific significance level (usually 0.05 or 5%). If the calculated F-value
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