Refer to the information provided in Figure 9.2 below to answer the question(s) that follow. a The industry b. A representative firm MC ATC AVC D, 10 12 13 15 Bushels of wheat Bushels of wheat Figure 9.2 Refer to Figure 9.2. Suppose demand for wheat is initially D2. If consumer incomes increase, then demand for wheat will shift to and individual profit-maximizing firms will produce. This will the equilibrium price a bushels of wheat. Price per bushel ($)

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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**Figure 9.2 Analysis**

The image consists of two graphs labeled "a. The industry" and "b. A representative firm," depicting supply and demand dynamics in the wheat market.

### Graph a: The Industry

- **Axes:**
  - Vertical Axis: Price per bushel ($)
  - Horizontal Axis: Bushels of wheat

- **Curves:**
  - **Supply Curve (S):** Upward sloping line indicating the relationship between price and quantity supplied.
  - **Demand Curves (D0, D1, D2):** Downward sloping lines showing different levels of demand. D0 is the initial demand curve, and demand decreases from D0 to D2, indicated by rightward arrows.

- **Price Levels:**
  - At price $9, the supply matches demand on D0.
  - At price $7, the market is in equilibrium on D1.
  - At price $5, supply meets demand on D2.

### Graph b: A Representative Firm

- **Axes:**
  - Vertical Axis: Price per bushel ($)
  - Horizontal Axis: Bushels of wheat produced by a firm

- **Curves:**
  - **Marginal Cost (MC):** U-shaped curve illustrating the cost of producing an additional unit.
  - **Average Total Cost (ATC):** U-shaped curve that lies above the AVC curve.
  - **Average Variable Cost (AVC):** U-shaped curve lying below the ATC curve.

- **Output Levels:**
  - Lines originating from key output levels (10, 12, 13, 15 bushels) intersect the price levels $9, $7, and $5 respectively, indicating optimal production points given the market price.

These graphs illustrate how market price affects industry supply and demand, as well as a firm's cost and production decisions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Figure 9.2 Analysis** The image consists of two graphs labeled "a. The industry" and "b. A representative firm," depicting supply and demand dynamics in the wheat market. ### Graph a: The Industry - **Axes:** - Vertical Axis: Price per bushel ($) - Horizontal Axis: Bushels of wheat - **Curves:** - **Supply Curve (S):** Upward sloping line indicating the relationship between price and quantity supplied. - **Demand Curves (D0, D1, D2):** Downward sloping lines showing different levels of demand. D0 is the initial demand curve, and demand decreases from D0 to D2, indicated by rightward arrows. - **Price Levels:** - At price $9, the supply matches demand on D0. - At price $7, the market is in equilibrium on D1. - At price $5, supply meets demand on D2. ### Graph b: A Representative Firm - **Axes:** - Vertical Axis: Price per bushel ($) - Horizontal Axis: Bushels of wheat produced by a firm - **Curves:** - **Marginal Cost (MC):** U-shaped curve illustrating the cost of producing an additional unit. - **Average Total Cost (ATC):** U-shaped curve that lies above the AVC curve. - **Average Variable Cost (AVC):** U-shaped curve lying below the ATC curve. - **Output Levels:** - Lines originating from key output levels (10, 12, 13, 15 bushels) intersect the price levels $9, $7, and $5 respectively, indicating optimal production points given the market price. These graphs illustrate how market price affects industry supply and demand, as well as a firm's cost and production decisions.
**Figure 9.2 Explanation**

*Panel a: The Industry*

This graph represents the wheat market and shows the supply and demand curves. 

- The vertical axis indicates the “Price per bushel ($)”, while the horizontal axis denotes the “Bushels of wheat.”
- Three demand curves are shown: \( D_1 \), \( D_2 \), and \( D_3 \), moving rightward, denoting different demand scenarios.
- The supply curve \( S \) intersects the three demand curves at different points.

   - Intersection with \( D_1 \) occurs at price $5.
   - Intersection with \( D_2 \) occurs at price $7.
   - Intersection with \( D_3 \) occurs at price $9.

*Panel b: A Representative Firm*

This graph depicts a representative firm's cost curves and shows the relationships between various costs and output levels.

- The vertical axis is “Price per bushel ($)” and the horizontal axis shows the “Bushels of wheat.”
- The curves include:
  - MC (Marginal Cost)
  - ATC (Average Total Cost)
  - AVC (Average Variable Cost)
- The intersection of the MC curve with the horizontal line at price $9 occurs at an output level slightly above 12 bushels.

**Question Analysis**

Refer to Figure 9.2. Suppose demand for wheat is initially \( D_2 \). If consumer incomes increase, then demand for wheat will shift to _______. This will _______ the equilibrium price of wheat, and individual profit-maximizing firms will produce _______ bushels of wheat.

Options:
a. \( D_1 \); decrease; 0
b. \( D_1 \); increase; 10
c. \( D_3 \); increase; 15
d. \( D_3 \); decrease; 7

**Answer**

Considering the increase in consumer income typically shifts demand to the right, the correct answer is:

c. \( D_3 \); increase; 15
Transcribed Image Text:**Figure 9.2 Explanation** *Panel a: The Industry* This graph represents the wheat market and shows the supply and demand curves. - The vertical axis indicates the “Price per bushel ($)”, while the horizontal axis denotes the “Bushels of wheat.” - Three demand curves are shown: \( D_1 \), \( D_2 \), and \( D_3 \), moving rightward, denoting different demand scenarios. - The supply curve \( S \) intersects the three demand curves at different points. - Intersection with \( D_1 \) occurs at price $5. - Intersection with \( D_2 \) occurs at price $7. - Intersection with \( D_3 \) occurs at price $9. *Panel b: A Representative Firm* This graph depicts a representative firm's cost curves and shows the relationships between various costs and output levels. - The vertical axis is “Price per bushel ($)” and the horizontal axis shows the “Bushels of wheat.” - The curves include: - MC (Marginal Cost) - ATC (Average Total Cost) - AVC (Average Variable Cost) - The intersection of the MC curve with the horizontal line at price $9 occurs at an output level slightly above 12 bushels. **Question Analysis** Refer to Figure 9.2. Suppose demand for wheat is initially \( D_2 \). If consumer incomes increase, then demand for wheat will shift to _______. This will _______ the equilibrium price of wheat, and individual profit-maximizing firms will produce _______ bushels of wheat. Options: a. \( D_1 \); decrease; 0 b. \( D_1 \); increase; 10 c. \( D_3 \); increase; 15 d. \( D_3 \); decrease; 7 **Answer** Considering the increase in consumer income typically shifts demand to the right, the correct answer is: c. \( D_3 \); increase; 15
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