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Refer to tables 14.4 and 14.5 given in the link “Numerical Problem”. Use information from these tables to discuss the following questions: Which country has the highest proportion of public insurance as a source of health care expenditure? Which country has a higher use of private insurance as a source of health care expenditure? Which country’s numbers shocked you the most?

Refer to tables 14.4 and 14.5 given in the link “Numerical Problem”. Use information from these tables to discuss the following questions: Which country has the highest proportion of public insurance as a source of health care expenditure? Which country has a higher use of private insurance as a source of health care expenditure? Which country’s numbers shocked you the most?

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN:9780190931919
Author:NEWNAN
Publisher:NEWNAN
Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1QTC
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  1. Refer to tables 14.4 and 14.5 given in the link “Numerical Problem”. Use information from these tables to discuss the following questions:
  2. Which country has the highest proportion of public insurance as a source of health care expenditure?
  3. Which country has a higher use of private insurance as a source of health care expenditure?
  4. Which country’s numbers shocked you the most?
  5. Discuss whether the US has better or worse health outcomes compared to other countries.
  6. Which country has a better access to primary care services? Which country has better access to specialist care services?
IMG 3338.HEIC Edited ile Edit View Go Tools Window Help ) Fri Apr 8 11:20 AM CLASS.pdf 1 page Q Q Q Search payroll taxes and fixed premiums, depending on the type of plan. Canada's system, classi- fied as NHI, uses elements of both Beveridge and Bismarck. Sometimes referred to as "sin- gle payer," this model is characterized by government-run NHI sold at the provincial level. Each country allows some form of private insurance coverage. In Switzerland and the United States private insurance is the primary type of insurance. Private insurance in Germany is the primary coverage for those with high incomes. Canada and Switzerland allow supplementary private policies that cover services beyond the mandated benefits package, including private hospital rooms, dental care, and travel insurance. In Canada pre- scription drugs are covered by supplemental policies. France and Japan allow participants to purchase complementary insurance that covers out-of-pocket payments for deductibles, copays, and balance billing. In the United States Medigap policies are sold to cover most out-of-pocket payments for seniors on Medicare. All such policies in the United States require some form of cost sharing, usually in The public sector is responsible for a substantial portion of overall spending, above two- thirds in all countries except the United States (see Table 14.4). The Swiss system is unique. Even though the Swiss purchase private insurance, because it is mandatory and universal, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) includes the premi- ums in the public spending category. Excluding private insurance premiums, public spend- ing is only about 16.5 percent of total expenditures instead of almost two-thirds. Private spending is surprisingly high, exceeding 20 percent of total spending in each country except the United Kingdom. Variation in the 15 quality indicators shown in Table 14.5 does not seem to be highly correlated with the model followed in the respective countries. Two things determine five- year survival rates: early diagnosis and a minimally invasive screening option. Colorec- tal cancer has the highest mortality rate, likely due to the invasive nature of the preferred method of screening. The United States fares well in terms of cancer survival, consistently ranking near the top of the comparison group. In fact, the U.S. results are consistently bet- ter when compared to the all-European average for breast (79.0 percent), colorectal (56.2 percent), and prostate cancer (77.5 percent). The United States fares quite well in.terms of in-patient, 30-day mortality rates for heart attack and stroke. Immunization rates and cancer screening rates show little varnce across countries. Japan may be the only exception, likely due to the invasive nature of the tests. The rates of coronary artery bypass surgery and total knee replacements are higher in the U.S. than in the comparison countries. Canada tends to lag the other countries in these three areas, including hip replacements, considerably. TABLE 14.5 HEALTH SYSTEMS QUALITY AND ACCESS INDICATOORS 2013 or nearest year available HTTP:// France United Kingdom The WHO promotes healih worldwide Their webulte provides important links for those Interested in puhlic health issurs. http/ www.whoint. Germany Switzerland United States 5-Year cancer sun Cervical 62.7 62.0 Breast 206 66.0 81.0 70.0 678 78.2 83.1 Colorectal 84.5 778 60.0 59.9 61.2 90.1 Prostate 63.8 65.5 85.3 In-hospital 30-day mortality rate (%) 87.3 99.3 AMI 6.7 e form of deductibles and copays. 87 Stroke. 12.2 7.2 7.6 5.5 Hemorrhagic 273 16.7 118 Ischemic 200 26.5 79 22.0 Diagnostic inaging rate (per 1.000) 9.2 90.9 952 CT 131.5 192.8 106.9 117.1 Immunization rate (%) 240.4 Measles (children) 95 89 Influenza (seniors) 93 52 50 Screening rate (%) Breast cancer (Age 46 76 722 754 410 47.4 75.9 808 Cervical cancer (Age 20-69) 73.4 73.6 528 42.1 74.5 78.1 Other utiliration (per 1,000) CAIG pdf 30.0 67.6 Hip replacement Knee replacement Physicians visits per capita 45.6 290 135.6 282.9 301.4 182.6 165.8 145.4 190.0 210.1 141.4 225.8 6.4 9.5 3.9 Primary care access (%) Same er next day 45 62 66 6 days or more Specialist access (%) 33 17 19 TABLE 14.4 HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES BY SOURCE, PERCENTAGES Less than 4 weeks United United More than 2 months Elective surgery 72 Germany Japan Switzerland Kingdom 2013 Canada France 41 28 82 80.0 66.1 83.3 462 67.3 745 167 S38 Less than 4 weeks 25.3 200 33.9 Private 32.7 55 More than 4 months 1.1 32 0.9 0.1 37.9 25 Private insurance 14.3 21 13.2 13.5 25.8 95 Out-of-pocket 13.6 64 Amesto et al (20 Nerdecchia et al 2007 OECO Heith Data 2016 Sehoen, Pierson, end Applebeum 2010 7.1 4.1 10 Other private 4.8 "Mandatory insurance is purchased from private firms but counted as public spending. Only 25 percent of premiums are paid breakdown is actually 16.5 percent public and 835 percet private with private insurance covering 505 percent of spending ncludes capital formation by providers and uncategorized spending. Source: OECD Health Data 2015. Le pdf
Transcribed Image Text:IMG 3338.HEIC Edited ile Edit View Go Tools Window Help ) Fri Apr 8 11:20 AM CLASS.pdf 1 page Q Q Q Search payroll taxes and fixed premiums, depending on the type of plan. Canada's system, classi- fied as NHI, uses elements of both Beveridge and Bismarck. Sometimes referred to as "sin- gle payer," this model is characterized by government-run NHI sold at the provincial level. Each country allows some form of private insurance coverage. In Switzerland and the United States private insurance is the primary type of insurance. Private insurance in Germany is the primary coverage for those with high incomes. Canada and Switzerland allow supplementary private policies that cover services beyond the mandated benefits package, including private hospital rooms, dental care, and travel insurance. In Canada pre- scription drugs are covered by supplemental policies. France and Japan allow participants to purchase complementary insurance that covers out-of-pocket payments for deductibles, copays, and balance billing. In the United States Medigap policies are sold to cover most out-of-pocket payments for seniors on Medicare. All such policies in the United States require some form of cost sharing, usually in The public sector is responsible for a substantial portion of overall spending, above two- thirds in all countries except the United States (see Table 14.4). The Swiss system is unique. Even though the Swiss purchase private insurance, because it is mandatory and universal, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) includes the premi- ums in the public spending category. Excluding private insurance premiums, public spend- ing is only about 16.5 percent of total expenditures instead of almost two-thirds. Private spending is surprisingly high, exceeding 20 percent of total spending in each country except the United Kingdom. Variation in the 15 quality indicators shown in Table 14.5 does not seem to be highly correlated with the model followed in the respective countries. Two things determine five- year survival rates: early diagnosis and a minimally invasive screening option. Colorec- tal cancer has the highest mortality rate, likely due to the invasive nature of the preferred method of screening. The United States fares well in terms of cancer survival, consistently ranking near the top of the comparison group. In fact, the U.S. results are consistently bet- ter when compared to the all-European average for breast (79.0 percent), colorectal (56.2 percent), and prostate cancer (77.5 percent). The United States fares quite well in.terms of in-patient, 30-day mortality rates for heart attack and stroke. Immunization rates and cancer screening rates show little varnce across countries. Japan may be the only exception, likely due to the invasive nature of the tests. The rates of coronary artery bypass surgery and total knee replacements are higher in the U.S. than in the comparison countries. Canada tends to lag the other countries in these three areas, including hip replacements, considerably. TABLE 14.5 HEALTH SYSTEMS QUALITY AND ACCESS INDICATOORS 2013 or nearest year available HTTP:// France United Kingdom The WHO promotes healih worldwide Their webulte provides important links for those Interested in puhlic health issurs. http/ www.whoint. Germany Switzerland United States 5-Year cancer sun Cervical 62.7 62.0 Breast 206 66.0 81.0 70.0 678 78.2 83.1 Colorectal 84.5 778 60.0 59.9 61.2 90.1 Prostate 63.8 65.5 85.3 In-hospital 30-day mortality rate (%) 87.3 99.3 AMI 6.7 e form of deductibles and copays. 87 Stroke. 12.2 7.2 7.6 5.5 Hemorrhagic 273 16.7 118 Ischemic 200 26.5 79 22.0 Diagnostic inaging rate (per 1.000) 9.2 90.9 952 CT 131.5 192.8 106.9 117.1 Immunization rate (%) 240.4 Measles (children) 95 89 Influenza (seniors) 93 52 50 Screening rate (%) Breast cancer (Age 46 76 722 754 410 47.4 75.9 808 Cervical cancer (Age 20-69) 73.4 73.6 528 42.1 74.5 78.1 Other utiliration (per 1,000) CAIG pdf 30.0 67.6 Hip replacement Knee replacement Physicians visits per capita 45.6 290 135.6 282.9 301.4 182.6 165.8 145.4 190.0 210.1 141.4 225.8 6.4 9.5 3.9 Primary care access (%) Same er next day 45 62 66 6 days or more Specialist access (%) 33 17 19 TABLE 14.4 HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES BY SOURCE, PERCENTAGES Less than 4 weeks United United More than 2 months Elective surgery 72 Germany Japan Switzerland Kingdom 2013 Canada France 41 28 82 80.0 66.1 83.3 462 67.3 745 167 S38 Less than 4 weeks 25.3 200 33.9 Private 32.7 55 More than 4 months 1.1 32 0.9 0.1 37.9 25 Private insurance 14.3 21 13.2 13.5 25.8 95 Out-of-pocket 13.6 64 Amesto et al (20 Nerdecchia et al 2007 OECO Heith Data 2016 Sehoen, Pierson, end Applebeum 2010 7.1 4.1 10 Other private 4.8 "Mandatory insurance is purchased from private firms but counted as public spending. Only 25 percent of premiums are paid breakdown is actually 16.5 percent public and 835 percet private with private insurance covering 505 percent of spending ncludes capital formation by providers and uncategorized spending. Source: OECD Health Data 2015. Le pdf
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