**Title: Understanding Exceptions to the Octet Rule****Text:**Read the following statements. Which ones are correct? Be sure to explain how you know.I. BF₃ and PF₅ are examples of exceptions to the octet rule.II. BF₄⁻ and BF₃-NH₃ are examples of violations of the octet rule.III. Expanded valence shells occur most often when the central atom is bonded to a small, electronegative element.IV. The central atoms most capable of having expanded valence shells come from rows 3, 4, and 5 of the periodic table. **Explanation:**- **BF₃ and PF₅** are molecules that do not follow the octet rule. BF₃ is an electron-deficient molecule, and PF₅ has an expanded valence shell with 10 electrons.- **BF₄⁻ and BF₃-NH₃** illustrate cases where the octet rule is modified or expanded. BF₄⁻ has a complete octet, and BF₃ forms an adduct with NH₃ by accepting a lone pair.- **Expanded valence shells** are typical for central atoms bonded to elements with high electronegativity, due to the ability to accommodate extra electrons.- **Central atoms in rows 3, 4, and 5** of the periodic table often have available d orbitals, allowing for expanded shell configurations. Examples include elements like phosphorus and sulfur.

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Read the following statements. Which ones are correct? Be sure to explain how you know. I. BF3 and PF5 are examples of exceptions to the octet rule. II. BF4¯ and BF3-NH3 are examples of violations of the octet rule. III. Expanded valence shells occur most often when the central atom is bonded to a small, electronegative element. IV. The central atoms most capable of having expanded valence shells come from rows 3, 4, and 5 of the periodic table.

Read the following statements. Which ones are correct? Be sure to explain how you know. I. BF3 and PF5 are examples of exceptions to the octet rule. II. BF4¯ and BF3-NH3 are examples of violations of the octet rule. III. Expanded valence shells occur most often when the central atom is bonded to a small, electronegative element. IV. The central atoms most capable of having expanded valence shells come from rows 3, 4, and 5 of the periodic table.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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