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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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read the document that is in the images and explain the most important data
11:51 p. m. Mar 28 mar. 188 PART TWO Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy Ventrodorsal Positioning Place In: Dorsal recumbency. A trough may be needed-use clear plastic if possible, and place the device under the thoracic region, not the area being radiographed. This minimizes distortion and artifacts. Head: Gently pull forward. If required, carefully position a sandbag over the head and neck, taking care not to restrict breathing. MEASURE: Caudal aspect of the 13th rib at level of umbilicus (about L2-L3). The area of the liver is generally the widest part. If interested in another area measure that location. A CENTRAL RAY: Canine: Center on midline over caudal aspect of 13th rib at level of umbilicus (L3). Feline: Two to three fingerbreadths caudal to 13th rib. Gallbladder web.whatsapp.com BORDERS: T9 vertebrae (diaphragm) cranially to the greater trochanter caudally to include the coxofemoral joints (pubic symphysis). Liver Pancreas Right kidney- Ascending colon Cecum Forelimbs: Extend forward with sandbags. If possible, posi- tion a sandbag just proximal to the elbows over the limbs. An alternative is either to tie each limb separately or to place a sandbag over each limb at the carpus and pull cranially. Descending duodenum Hind Limbs: Keep in a natural position, and place a sandbag over each limb. lleum -Stomach -Transverse colon -Spleen -Left kidney -Descending colon -Bladder FIGURE 18-4 A, Proper positioning for the ventrodorsal abdomen view. B, Ventral anatomy of the abdomen. @46 %
Transcribed Image Text:11:51 p. m. Mar 28 mar. 188 PART TWO Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy Ventrodorsal Positioning Place In: Dorsal recumbency. A trough may be needed-use clear plastic if possible, and place the device under the thoracic region, not the area being radiographed. This minimizes distortion and artifacts. Head: Gently pull forward. If required, carefully position a sandbag over the head and neck, taking care not to restrict breathing. MEASURE: Caudal aspect of the 13th rib at level of umbilicus (about L2-L3). The area of the liver is generally the widest part. If interested in another area measure that location. A CENTRAL RAY: Canine: Center on midline over caudal aspect of 13th rib at level of umbilicus (L3). Feline: Two to three fingerbreadths caudal to 13th rib. Gallbladder web.whatsapp.com BORDERS: T9 vertebrae (diaphragm) cranially to the greater trochanter caudally to include the coxofemoral joints (pubic symphysis). Liver Pancreas Right kidney- Ascending colon Cecum Forelimbs: Extend forward with sandbags. If possible, posi- tion a sandbag just proximal to the elbows over the limbs. An alternative is either to tie each limb separately or to place a sandbag over each limb at the carpus and pull cranially. Descending duodenum Hind Limbs: Keep in a natural position, and place a sandbag over each limb. lleum -Stomach -Transverse colon -Spleen -Left kidney -Descending colon -Bladder FIGURE 18-4 A, Proper positioning for the ventrodorsal abdomen view. B, Ventral anatomy of the abdomen. @46 %
11:51 p. m. Mar 28 mar. 250 de 633 web.whatsapp.com Ventrodorsal-cont'd Comments and Tips Place any ID or markers adjacent to the corresponding side of the abdomen. Ensure that the body is evenly positioned so that the two sides of the rib cage appear equidistant. • Ideally a straight line should be imagined connecting the point of the nose with the caudal midline. Ensure that the sternum and spine are superimposed; image receptor and central ray are perpendicular to both. CHAPTER 18 Small Animal Abdomen Expose immediately at the end phase of expiration (this ensures that the diaphragm is positioned cranially and is not compressing the abdominal contents). (K CIA B 189 TECHNICIAN NOTES If radiographs of both the abdomen and thorax are required, complete both lateral views before imaging the ventrodorsal views. The position- ing is the same for the lateral views of the two areas; only the central ray and borders change. A FIGURE 18-5 A, Ventrodorsal radiograph of the abdomen of a canine. B, Ventrodorsal radiograph of the abdomen of a 17-year-old feline. 46%
Transcribed Image Text:11:51 p. m. Mar 28 mar. 250 de 633 web.whatsapp.com Ventrodorsal-cont'd Comments and Tips Place any ID or markers adjacent to the corresponding side of the abdomen. Ensure that the body is evenly positioned so that the two sides of the rib cage appear equidistant. • Ideally a straight line should be imagined connecting the point of the nose with the caudal midline. Ensure that the sternum and spine are superimposed; image receptor and central ray are perpendicular to both. CHAPTER 18 Small Animal Abdomen Expose immediately at the end phase of expiration (this ensures that the diaphragm is positioned cranially and is not compressing the abdominal contents). (K CIA B 189 TECHNICIAN NOTES If radiographs of both the abdomen and thorax are required, complete both lateral views before imaging the ventrodorsal views. The position- ing is the same for the lateral views of the two areas; only the central ray and borders change. A FIGURE 18-5 A, Ventrodorsal radiograph of the abdomen of a canine. B, Ventrodorsal radiograph of the abdomen of a 17-year-old feline. 46%
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