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Rank the following species from highest to lowest leaving groups ability: 1 2 NC 3

Rank the following species from highest to lowest leaving groups ability: 1 2 NC 3

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Ranking of Leaving Group Ability** Analyze the three chemical species below and rank them according to their ability to act as leaving groups, from highest to lowest: 1. **Species 1:** A phenoxide ion is depicted. It consists of a benzene ring bonded to an oxygen atom, which carries a negative charge. 2. **Species 2:** An aryloxide ion is shown, featuring a methoxy group (-OCH₃) attached to the benzene ring and a negatively charged oxygen atom. 3. **Species 3:** A cyano-substituted phenoxide ion is displayed with a nitrile group (NC) on the benzene ring and a negatively charged oxygen atom. **Diagrams Explanation:** - Each species is represented with a benzene ring structure and different substituents that affect their leaving group ability. - The presence of substituents like the methoxy group in Species 2 and the nitrile group in Species 3 influence their respective electron-withdrawing properties, impacting how easily the oxygen atom can leave. **Consideration:** - Factors such as resonance stabilization, inductive effects, and the electron-withdrawing capability of substituents affect the leaving group ability of each species.
Transcribed Image Text:**Ranking of Leaving Group Ability** Analyze the three chemical species below and rank them according to their ability to act as leaving groups, from highest to lowest: 1. **Species 1:** A phenoxide ion is depicted. It consists of a benzene ring bonded to an oxygen atom, which carries a negative charge. 2. **Species 2:** An aryloxide ion is shown, featuring a methoxy group (-OCH₃) attached to the benzene ring and a negatively charged oxygen atom. 3. **Species 3:** A cyano-substituted phenoxide ion is displayed with a nitrile group (NC) on the benzene ring and a negatively charged oxygen atom. **Diagrams Explanation:** - Each species is represented with a benzene ring structure and different substituents that affect their leaving group ability. - The presence of substituents like the methoxy group in Species 2 and the nitrile group in Species 3 influence their respective electron-withdrawing properties, impacting how easily the oxygen atom can leave. **Consideration:** - Factors such as resonance stabilization, inductive effects, and the electron-withdrawing capability of substituents affect the leaving group ability of each species.
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