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Rank the following compounds in order of increasing boiling points. Explain the reasons for your chosen order. CH, OH CH₂-C-CH, CH, neopentane 2-methylbutan-2-ol 2,3-dimethylbutane LOH hexane pentan-1-ol

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing boiling points. Explain the reasons for your chosen order. CH, OH CH₂-C-CH, CH, neopentane 2-methylbutan-2-ol 2,3-dimethylbutane LOH hexane pentan-1-ol

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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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**Ranking compounds by boiling points** **Question:** Rank the following compounds in order of increasing boiling points. Explain the reasons for your chosen order. **Compounds:** 1. Neopentane (CH₃)₃C-CH₃ 2. 2-Methylbutan-2-ol 3. 2,3-Dimethylbutane 4. Pentan-1-ol 5. Hexane **Explanation:** Boiling points of substances depend on the intermolecular forces present among the molecules. The main types include London dispersion forces (present in all molecules), dipole-dipole interactions (present in polar molecules), and hydrogen bonding (present in molecules with N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds). 1. **Neopentane**: Neopentane is a highly branched alkane, and alkanes only have London dispersion forces. The highly branched structure reduces the surface area, leading to weaker London dispersion forces and a lower boiling point. 2. **2,3-Dimethylbutane**: This is also a branched alkane, but less branched than neopentane. With more surface area than neopentane, it has slightly stronger London dispersion forces, resulting in a higher boiling point than neopentane. 3. **Hexane**: Hexane is a straight-chain alkane, which increases the surface area compared to branched alkanes. Therefore, hexane has stronger London dispersion forces than both neopentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane, resulting in a higher boiling point. 4. **2-Methylbutan-2-ol**: This compound has both London dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding, which significantly increases the boiling point compared to non-polar hydrocarbons like alkanes. 5. **Pentan-1-ol**: Pentan-1-ol has a straight chain which maximizes surface area compared to 2-methylbutan-2-ol whose branching decreases surface area but it still possesses hydrogen bonding. Having both factors, pentan-1-ol has the highest boiling point among the list. **Order of increasing boiling points:** 1. Neopentane 2. 2,3-Dimethylbutane 3. Hexane 4. 2-Methylbutan-2-ol 5. Pentan-1-ol This order is based
Transcribed Image Text:**Ranking compounds by boiling points** **Question:** Rank the following compounds in order of increasing boiling points. Explain the reasons for your chosen order. **Compounds:** 1. Neopentane (CH₃)₃C-CH₃ 2. 2-Methylbutan-2-ol 3. 2,3-Dimethylbutane 4. Pentan-1-ol 5. Hexane **Explanation:** Boiling points of substances depend on the intermolecular forces present among the molecules. The main types include London dispersion forces (present in all molecules), dipole-dipole interactions (present in polar molecules), and hydrogen bonding (present in molecules with N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds). 1. **Neopentane**: Neopentane is a highly branched alkane, and alkanes only have London dispersion forces. The highly branched structure reduces the surface area, leading to weaker London dispersion forces and a lower boiling point. 2. **2,3-Dimethylbutane**: This is also a branched alkane, but less branched than neopentane. With more surface area than neopentane, it has slightly stronger London dispersion forces, resulting in a higher boiling point than neopentane. 3. **Hexane**: Hexane is a straight-chain alkane, which increases the surface area compared to branched alkanes. Therefore, hexane has stronger London dispersion forces than both neopentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane, resulting in a higher boiling point. 4. **2-Methylbutan-2-ol**: This compound has both London dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding, which significantly increases the boiling point compared to non-polar hydrocarbons like alkanes. 5. **Pentan-1-ol**: Pentan-1-ol has a straight chain which maximizes surface area compared to 2-methylbutan-2-ol whose branching decreases surface area but it still possesses hydrogen bonding. Having both factors, pentan-1-ol has the highest boiling point among the list. **Order of increasing boiling points:** 1. Neopentane 2. 2,3-Dimethylbutane 3. Hexane 4. 2-Methylbutan-2-ol 5. Pentan-1-ol This order is based
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