R4 F1 R1 R3 R2 ww R3 F2 (+1
KVL and KCL
KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.
Sign Convention
Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.
In the circuit shown in Figure P3.33, F1 and F2 are
fuses. Under normal conditions they are modeled as a
short circuit. However, if excess current flows through
a fuse, it “blows” and the fuse becomes an open circuit.
VS1 = VS2 = 120 V
R1 = R2 = 2 Ω R3 = 8Ω
R4 = R5 = 250 mΩ
If F1 blows, or opens, determine, using KCL and node
analysis, the voltages across R1, R2, R3, and F1.
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